【摘要】：磷酸鹽是一類非常常見的無機(jī)材料,其中,PO43-擁有較大的負(fù)電荷和偶極矩,表現(xiàn)出很強(qiáng)的誘導(dǎo)效應(yīng)。在光催化過程中,PO43-的誘導(dǎo)效應(yīng)增強(qiáng)了對(duì)光生空穴的吸引,可以顯著提高光生載流子的分離效率,從而提高光催化效率。因此,設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)新型磷酸鹽光催化劑或基于結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控提高磷酸鹽光催化劑的光催化性能具有重要研究?jī)r(jià)值。本論文主要研究了Ag_3PO_4、Cd_5H_2(PO_4)_4·4H2O、Cd_5(PO_4)_2P_2O_7、Cd_5(PO4)3OH幾種磷酸鹽材料的結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控和光催化性能。具體研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:(1)室溫下采用簡(jiǎn)單沉淀法制備了Ag_3PO_4/SiO_2復(fù)合光催化劑。SiO_2微球的載體效應(yīng)提高了復(fù)合材料中Ag_3PO_4納米顆粒的分散度,改變了Ag_3PO_4的表面結(jié)構(gòu),同時(shí)大大降低了Ag_3PO_4的含量。Ag_3PO_4/SiO_2復(fù)合光催化劑表現(xiàn)出了優(yōu)異的可見光光催化性能。Ag_3PO_4負(fù)載量為20%時(shí)復(fù)合光催化劑表現(xiàn)出最高的降解性能,約為純Ag_3PO_4的2倍�；钚蕴岣叩闹饕蚴菑�(fù)合材料的光生載流子分離效率提高及參與反應(yīng)的活性物種h+和·O_2-濃度增加。本文提出了一種通過廉價(jià)載體修飾策略提高光催化性能同時(shí)降低光催化劑成本的方法。(2)采用磷酸鹽固化的方法將溶液中的無機(jī)金屬離子Cd~(2+)沉淀,得到了具有分級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的Cd_5H_2(PO_4)_4·4H2O花狀微球。詳細(xì)探究了鎘鹽與磷酸鹽種類以及溶液pH值對(duì)產(chǎn)物形貌和晶相結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。將Cd_5H_2(PO_4)_4·4H2O花狀微球進(jìn)一步煅燒處理,得到Cd_5(PO_4)_2P_2O_7分級(jí)微球。由于Cd_5(PO_4)_2P_2O_7微球獨(dú)特的分級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)和強(qiáng)的氧化還原能力,Cd_5(PO_4)_2P_2O_7花狀微球在紫外光照射下對(duì)RhB染料表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)異的光催化降解性能和活性穩(wěn)定性,其活性優(yōu)于報(bào)道的Ca(PO4)6(OH)2和Ti2O(PO4)2(H2O)2光催化材料,與BiPO4相當(dāng)。(3)在無模板劑或表面活性劑的情況下,通過簡(jiǎn)單水熱法合成出了具有棒束、花生狀和花狀分級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)形貌的羥基磷酸鎘(Cd_5(PO4)3OH,Cd-Hap)。探究了初始反應(yīng)溶液的pH值、反應(yīng)溫度及反應(yīng)時(shí)間對(duì)Cd-Hap結(jié)構(gòu)和形貌的影響,提出了分級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的形成機(jī)理。進(jìn)一步以Cd-Hap為載體,制備了Ag_3PO_4/Cd-Hap和CdS QDs@Cd-Hap兩種復(fù)合光催化材料。Ag_3PO_4/Cd-Hap在可見光照射下對(duì)MO表現(xiàn)出了優(yōu)異的可見光催化活性,當(dāng)Ag_3PO_4負(fù)載量為15%時(shí)光催化活性最高。CdS QDs@Cd-Hap表現(xiàn)出了可觀的可見光分解水產(chǎn)氫性能,當(dāng)S/P摩爾比為7.5時(shí),復(fù)合光催化劑催化產(chǎn)氫效率為1100μmol·h-1·g-1,是純CdS納米顆粒的5.5倍。
[Abstract]:Phosphate is a very common kind of inorganic materials, in which PO43- has a large negative charge and dipole moment, showing a strong inductive effect. In the process of photocatalysis, the inductive effect of PO43- enhances the attraction of photogenerated holes, which can improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers and thus improve the photocatalytic efficiency. Therefore, it is of great value to design and develop new phosphate photocatalysts or to improve the photocatalytic performance of phosphate photocatalysts based on structural regulation. In this paper, the structural regulation and photocatalytic properties of several kinds of phosphate materials, such as PO_4 (PO_4), 4H _ 2O _ 2 (PO_4) _ 2P _ S _ 2O _ 7, CD _ 5 (PO4) 3OH, have been studied in this paper. The main contents are as follows: (1) the support effect of Ag_3PO_4/SiO_2 composite photocatalyst 路SiO2 microspheres prepared by simple precipitation method at room temperature improves the dispersion of Ag_3PO_4 nanoparticles and changes the surface structure of Ag_3PO_4. At the same time, the content of Ag_3PO_4 was greatly reduced. The composite photocatalyst showed excellent visible photocatalytic performance. The composite photocatalyst exhibited the highest degradation performance when the loading amount of AgStup _ 3PO _ 4 was 20, which was about twice as high as that of pure Ag_3PO_4. The main reasons for the increase of activity are the increase of photogenerated carrier separation efficiency and the increase of h and O _ 2- concentration of active species participating in the reaction. In this paper, a method of improving photocatalytic performance and reducing the cost of photocatalyst by means of cheap carrier modification strategy is proposed. (2) the inorganic metal ion Cd2 in solution is precipitated by phosphate curing method. Cd_5H_2 (PO_4) 4 4H2O floral microspheres with hierarchical structure were obtained. The effects of cadmium salt and phosphate species and pH value of solution on the morphology and crystal structure of the product were investigated in detail. The Cd_5H_2 (PO_4) 4 4H2O flower-like microspheres were further calcined and the Cd_5 (PO_4) 2P _ 2O _ 7 microspheres were obtained. Due to the unique grading structure and strong redox capacity of the Cd_5 (PO_4) 2P2O7 microspheres, CDSIL _ 5 (PO_4) _ 2P _ 2O _ 7 microspheres exhibit excellent photocatalytic degradation and active stability to RhB dyes under UV irradiation, and their activity is superior to the reported Ca (PO4) _ 6( OH) _ 2 and Ti2O (PO4) _ 2 (H _ 2O) _ 2 photocatalytic materials, (3) in the absence of template or surfactant, Cd_5 (PO4) 3OHCd-Hap (Cd_5 (PO4) 3OHCd-Hap) was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method with the morphology of rod bundle, peanut shape and flower shape. The effects of pH value of initial reaction solution, reaction temperature and reaction time on the structure and morphology of Cd-Hap were investigated. Furthermore, two kinds of composite photocatalytic materials, Ag_3PO_4/Cd-Hap and CdS QDs@Cd-Hap, were prepared by using Cd-Hap as the carrier. The Cd-Hap showed excellent visible light catalytic activity to MO under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of CDs QDs@Cd-Hap was the highest when the amount of Ag_3PO_4 loading was 15. When the molar ratio of S / P was 7.5, the hydrogen production efficiency of the composite photocatalyst was 1100 渭 mol h-1 g-1, which was 5.5 times of that of pure CdS nanoparticles.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：O643.36;O644.1

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