【摘要】：抗生素被普遍應(yīng)用于治療動物和人類的疾病,同時也被作為促生長因子應(yīng)用于畜牧領(lǐng)域。而抗生素使用不當(dāng)及過度使用會造成在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中及動物源性食品中抗生素的殘留。由于其對公眾健康和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的威脅,抗生素殘留問題已經(jīng)引起了越來越廣泛的關(guān)注。因此,開發(fā)高效、靈敏的抗生素檢測方法是十分必要的。本文將先進(jìn)的納米技術(shù)和適配體傳感器技術(shù)結(jié)合起來,制備了三種性能優(yōu)良的電化學(xué)適配體傳感器,分別實現(xiàn)了對青霉素、氨芐西林、氯霉素的高效、靈敏檢測。本文主要內(nèi)容如下:1.基于PEDOT-AuNPs/GR-Fe_3O_4NPs復(fù)合材料構(gòu)建電化學(xué)適配體傳感器檢測青霉素:以青霉素適配體為生物識別元件,以磁性石墨烯納米復(fù)合材料(GR-Fe_3O_4NPs)和聚3,4-乙撐二氧噻吩-金納米粒子(PEDOT-AuNPs)復(fù)合材料為基底,制備了一種新型的電化學(xué)適配體傳感器來靈敏地檢測青霉素。復(fù)合材料的結(jié)構(gòu)通過掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)來研究,所制備的傳感器的電化學(xué)性能通過循環(huán)伏安法(CV)、電化學(xué)阻抗(EIS)和差分脈沖伏安法(DPV)來研究。在最優(yōu)條件下,該傳感器具有較高的靈敏度,線性范圍為0.1-200 ng/mL,檢測限為0.057 ng/mL。2.基于AuNPs@MGR/PEDOT-AuNPs復(fù)合材料構(gòu)建電化學(xué)適配體傳感器檢測氨芐西林:以氨芐西林適配體為生物識別元件,基于PEDOT-AuNPs復(fù)合材料和多功能石墨烯復(fù)合材料(AuNPs@MGR)制備了一種新型的電化學(xué)適配體傳感器用以高靈敏檢測氨芐西林。復(fù)合材料的結(jié)構(gòu)通過SEM來研究,傳感器的電化學(xué)性能通過CV和DPV來研究。在最佳實驗條件下,該傳感器具有良好的線性響應(yīng)范圍(0.1-200 ng/mL)和較低的檢測限(0.041 ng/mL,S/N=3)。3.基于AuNPs/MWCNTs-Fe_3O_4NPs/CNS復(fù)合材料構(gòu)建電化學(xué)適配體傳感器檢測氯霉素:以氯霉素適配體為生物識別元件,基于碳納米球(CNS)、磁性多壁碳納米管復(fù)合材料(MWCNTs-Fe_3O_4NPs)和AuNPs復(fù)合材料制備了一種新穎電化學(xué)適配體傳感器,實現(xiàn)了對氯霉素的高靈敏度高選擇性檢測。所用材料的結(jié)構(gòu)通過SEM和TEM來研究,傳感器的電化學(xué)性能通過CV和DPV來研究。在最佳實驗條件下,傳感器具有較寬的線性范圍(0.05-100 ng/mL),檢測限低至0.021 ng/mL。此外,三種電化學(xué)適配體傳感器均具有良好的靈敏度、穩(wěn)定性、重現(xiàn)性和特異性,并均已成功地應(yīng)用于實際樣品檢測。
[Abstract]:Antibiotics are widely used to treat animal and human diseases and are also used as growth-promoting factors in animal husbandry. Improper use and overuse of antibiotics can result in residues of antibiotics in ecosystems and animal-derived foods. Because of its threat to public health and ecosystem, antibiotic residues have attracted more and more attention. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an efficient and sensitive method for the detection of antibiotics. In this paper, three kinds of electrochemical aptamer sensors with excellent performance were prepared by combining advanced nanotechnology with aptamer sensor technology. The high efficiency and sensitivity of detection of penicillin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol were achieved respectively. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. Based on PEDOT-AuNPs / GR-Fe3O4NPs composite, electrochemical aptamer sensor was constructed for penicillin detection: penicillin aptamer was used as biometric element, magnetic graphene nanocomposite (GR-Fe3O4NPs) and poly (34-ethylenedioxythiophene gold nanoparticles) composite (PEDOT-AuNPs) were used as substrates. A novel electrochemical aptamer sensor for sensitive detection of penicillin was prepared. The structure of the composites was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical properties of the sensors were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance (EIS) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Under the optimal conditions, the sensor has a high sensitivity, the linear range is 0.1-200ng / mLand the detection limit is 0.057 ng / mL-1. Electrochemical aptamer sensor based on AuNPs / MGR/ PEDOT-AuNPs composite for ampicillin detection: ampicillin aptamer is used as biometric element. A novel electrochemical aptamer sensor based on PEDOT-AuNPs composite and multifunctional graphene composite (AuNPsMGR) was developed for the sensitive detection of ampicillin. The structure of the composite was studied by SEM, and the electrochemical properties of the sensor were studied by CV and DPV. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the sensor has a good linear response range (0.1-200ng / mL) and a lower detection limit (0.041 ng / mL-1 / N ~ (3) .3. Electrochemical aptamer sensor based on AuNPs / MWCNTs-Fe3OS / CNS composite to detect chloramphenicol: using chloramphenicol aptamer as biometric element, Based on carbon nanospheres (CNS), magnetic multiwall carbon nanotube composites (MWCNTs-Fe3O4NPs) and AuNPs composites, a novel electrochemical aptamer sensor was prepared, which can detect chloramphenicol with high sensitivity and selectivity. The structure of the material was studied by SEM and TEM, and the electrochemical performance of the sensor was studied by CV and DPV. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the sensor has a wide linear range (0.05-100 ng / mL), and the detection limit is as low as 0.021 ng / mL. In addition, the three kinds of electrochemical aptamer sensors have good sensitivity, stability, reproducibility and specificity, and have been successfully applied to the detection of practical samples.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：濟(jì)南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ465;O657.1;TP212

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本文編號：2131625