本文選題：超聲萃取 + 酶標(biāo)儀��； 參考：《光譜學(xué)與光譜分析》2017年11期

【摘要】：石油的開采、運輸、泄漏及石油產(chǎn)品使用量的不斷增加,導(dǎo)致了嚴重的土壤石油污染,改變了土壤的理化性質(zhì),引起土壤中的微生物大量死亡,影響植物的正常生長,并能通過皮膚、呼吸、飲食等方式進入人體,危害健康。因此,土壤石油污染的修復(fù)刻不容緩,但修復(fù)效果的評價離不開土壤中殘留石油的提取和檢測,建立快速高效的石油提取和分析測定方法是非常重要的。該研究討論了檢測波長、提取劑種類、提取劑用量以及超聲萃取次數(shù)、萃取時間、超聲萃取功率等影響污染土壤中總石油烴提取的參數(shù)和變量,最終建立了一種超聲萃取-酶標(biāo)儀-微量法提取檢測污染土壤中總石油烴的方法。確定優(yōu)化的提取和檢測條件為:紫外檢測波長為304nm,用石油醚作提取劑,土液比為1∶4,超聲萃取2次,每次萃取時間為20min,超聲萃取功率為100W。該優(yōu)化條件下,土壤石油添加回收率是88.4%~101.6%,相對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差均小于4.7%,提取測定結(jié)果符合環(huán)境分析化學(xué)檢測要求。利用酶標(biāo)儀代替紫外分光光度計進行檢測,能更方便快速的得出結(jié)果,且測定溶液用量少,可以更好地推廣應(yīng)用于微量石油污染環(huán)境樣品的定量檢測。此外,該方法用石油醚和乙醇作為提取和定容試劑,克服了采用二氯甲烷、四氯化碳等有機試劑提取而造成溶劑消耗量大、易產(chǎn)生二次污染、不利于環(huán)境友好發(fā)展等缺點,是一種快速、高效、綠色的提取和測定污染土壤中總石油烴的方法。
[Abstract]:The exploitation, transportation, leakage and increasing use of petroleum products have led to serious soil oil pollution, changed the physical and chemical properties of the soil, caused a large number of deaths of microorganisms in the soil, and affected the normal growth of plants. And through the skin, breathing, diet and other ways to enter the human body, harmful to health. Therefore, the remediation of soil oil pollution is urgent, but the evaluation of remediation effect can not be separated from the extraction and detection of residual oil in soil. It is very important to establish a rapid and efficient method for oil extraction and analysis. The parameters and variables that affect the extraction of total petroleum hydrocarbon in contaminated soil are discussed, such as detection wavelength, type of extractant, amount of extractant, times of ultrasonic extraction, extraction time, power of ultrasonic extraction, etc. Finally, a method of ultrasonic extraction-enzyme-micro-extraction for the determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soil was established. The optimum extraction and detection conditions are determined as follows: UV detection wavelength is 304 nm, oil ether is used as extractant, ratio of soil to liquid is 1: 4, ultrasonic extraction time is 20 min, ultrasonic extraction power is 100 W. Under the optimized conditions, the recovery rate of oil added in soil was 88.4% and 101.6%, and the relative standard deviation was less than 4.7. The results of extraction and determination were in line with the requirements of environmental analytical chemistry. The enzymatic standard instrument can be used instead of ultraviolet spectrophotometer to detect the results more conveniently and quickly, and the amount of the determination solution is less, so it can be better applied to the quantitative detection of trace petroleum polluted environmental samples. In addition, the method uses petroleum ether and ethanol as extraction and volumetric reagent, which overcomes the disadvantages of solvent consumption caused by organic reagent extraction, such as dichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride, which is easy to produce secondary pollution and is not conducive to environmental friendly development. Is a rapid, efficient, green extraction and determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soil.
【作者單位】： 南昌工程學(xué)院江西省退化生態(tài)系統(tǒng)修復(fù)與流域生態(tài)水文重點實驗室;安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院;
【基金】：the Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Provincal Department of Education(GJJ20151118) the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31460149) the Key Research Project of Jiangxi Provincal Department of Science and Technology(20161BBG70050) the Student Training Project of Nanchang Institute of Technology in 2016
【分類號】：O652;X833

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