本文選題：露天文物 + 石質(zhì)文物　； 參考：《光譜學與光譜分析》2017年10期

【摘要】：重慶市市委會辦公大樓舊址前有一組露天存放的清代砂巖石獅子,表面覆蓋著黑色硬殼狀物質(zhì),發(fā)生大面積脫落,起翹和卷曲。為了揭示黑色硬殼狀結(jié)構(gòu)組成,研究其形成過程及對文物產(chǎn)生的影響,利用環(huán)境掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM),X-射線衍射儀(XRD),X-射線熒光光譜儀(XRF),傅里葉變換紅外光譜儀(FTIR)和X-射線光電子能譜(XPS)對黑色硬殼及文物表層砂巖樣品進行了檢測分析研究。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):黑色硬殼斷面Mapping元素分布圖顯示其分為底漆層,中間層和表層,系石刻早期封護層的老化產(chǎn)物;中間層含有立德粉(硫化鋅和硫酸鋇),黑色外觀源于表層中含鉛顏料(鉛白)變色形成黑色硫化鉛及樹脂碳化所致;紅外光譜與光電子能譜顯示出黑色硬殼中含有強的羥基(—OH)特征峰,說明封護層中有機物老化后形成了大量羥基,從而增強了自身親水性,造成易吸水溶脹與干燥收縮情況,導致大面積脫落,起翹和卷曲現(xiàn)象;黑色硬殼起翹和卷曲部位與下層石刻表面之間形成了易于積水的微空隙,能夠聚集雨水中的有害物質(zhì),造成石刻表層巖石發(fā)生腐蝕,例如黑色硬殼背面及下層巖石表面中高含量硬石膏(CaSO4),經(jīng)生水化作用后轉(zhuǎn)化為石膏(CaSO4·2H2O),發(fā)生體積膨脹造成巖石表面松動和酥粉。因此,當露天文物表面上封護層已老化時,及時地進行清除是十分必要的。
[Abstract]:In front of the old office building of Chongqing Municipal Committee, there was a group of open storage stone lions of the Qing Dynasty, covered with black hard shell material, with large area falling off, warping and curling. In order to reveal the composition of the black hard shell structure, the formation process and its influence on the cultural relics were studied. The detection and analysis of black hard shell and surface sandstone samples were carried out by means of environmental scanning electron microscope (SEM) and XRDX X ray diffractometer (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the mapping element distribution of black hard shell section is divided into primer layer, middle layer and surface layer, which are the aging products of the early seal layer of stone carving. The intermediate layer contains lithopone (zinc sulphide and barium sulfate), and the black appearance is caused by the discoloration of lead pigment (lead white) in the surface layer to form black lead sulfide and resin carbonization. Infrared spectrum and photoelectron spectroscopy show that the black shell contains strong hydroxyl group (OH) characteristic peak, which indicates that a large number of hydroxyl groups are formed after the organic matter in the seal layer is aged, thus enhancing its hydrophilicity, resulting in easy water absorption swelling and drying shrinkage. Leading to the phenomenon of large area shedding, warping and curling, and the formation of microvoids between the parts of the black hard shells and the surface of the lower stone carvings, which can accumulate the harmful substances in the Rain Water and cause the corrosion of the rocks on the surface of the stone carvings. For example, the high content of anhydrite CaSO _ 4H _ 4 in the back of the black hard shell and the rock surface of the lower layer is converted into gypsum caso _ 4 _ 2H _ 2O after raw hydration, and volume expansion results in the loosening of the rock surface and the fining powder. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the protective layer on the surface of open-air relics in time when it has aged.
【作者單位】： 陜西師范大學材料科學與工程學院;重慶市文化遺產(chǎn)研究院;
【基金】：國家自然科學基金(51403121) 陜西師范大學中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費項目(GK201501002,GK201505080,GK201503037)資助
【分類號】：K879.3;O657
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本文編號：2014373