本文選題：潛指紋 + 指紋顯現(xiàn)��； 參考：《北京科技大學(xué)》2018年博士論文

【摘要】：指紋鑒定是進(jìn)行個人識別的最可靠的方法之一,在法庭科學(xué)、涉密系統(tǒng)、戶籍、社保等領(lǐng)域都有廣泛的應(yīng)用。肉眼不可見的指紋稱為潛指紋,是最常見也是刑偵科學(xué)領(lǐng)域最重要的指紋。潛指紋檢驗(yàn)技術(shù)分為四個步驟,潛指紋的顯現(xiàn)、指紋圖像采集、指紋比對鑒定和數(shù)據(jù)庫查詢。雖然諸多方法被用于潛指紋顯現(xiàn)檢測中,但是在獲取指紋信息時,簡單、快速、易操作、高分辨率和適用客體范圍廣的顯現(xiàn)技術(shù)在許多情況下仍然存在挑戰(zhàn)。另外,該領(lǐng)域近些年的研究熱點(diǎn)方向是對指紋殘留物中化學(xué)成分的檢測。除了物理形貌的細(xì)節(jié)特征以外,指紋殘留物的化學(xué)成分還提供了其他極具價值的信息,例如通過對指紋化學(xué)成分的檢測判斷指紋遺留者的年齡,性別,病史和可能的藥物習(xí)慣等。指紋圖像采集最為常用的技術(shù)是拍照法,但是拍照對指紋樣品、照相設(shè)備要求較高,提取的指紋圖像質(zhì)量與拍照人員、現(xiàn)場光線等關(guān)系較大。本論文的研究是圍繞解決潛指紋顯現(xiàn)中的難題和發(fā)展新的指紋圖像采集方法開展的創(chuàng)新性研究。首先,針對目前指紋顯現(xiàn)領(lǐng)域中的疑難問題,利用潛指紋殘留物和高分子纖維素膜表面親水性的差異,開發(fā)了一種簡單快速可以應(yīng)用于不同的基底性質(zhì)和指紋類型的潛指紋顯現(xiàn)新方法。通過簡單地將親水性纖維素膜與染料水溶液相結(jié)合的方式,在3～5 s內(nèi)高分辨率地顯現(xiàn)位于多種客體表面的潛指紋。應(yīng)用該方法可以觀察到在纖維素膜表面的潛指紋的二級和三級水平特征,清晰度非常高,可以用于個人身份識別目的。對從多種常見客體(如玻璃,彩色紙盒,陶瓷杯)和疑難客體(如紙幣,人體皮膚和皮革)表面使用指紋膠帶提取的潛指紋顯現(xiàn)效果也非常的高效。此外,這種方法也適用于長達(dá)16天的陳舊潛指紋和自然潛指紋。該潛指紋顯現(xiàn)方法靈敏度非常高,在醋酸纖維素膜表面連續(xù)捺印8次的潛指紋使用這種方法顯現(xiàn)仍能獲得清晰的細(xì)節(jié)特征。與傳統(tǒng)方法相比,這種指紋顯現(xiàn)方法簡單、快速、通用、安全、無損、成本低、分辨率高,因此在個人身份驗(yàn)證相關(guān)應(yīng)用中表現(xiàn)出良好的潛力。針對不能直接在現(xiàn)場顯現(xiàn)的客體表面潛指紋,目前一般采取警用膠帶進(jìn)行提取,這種方法的主要問題是不適合某些脆弱材料,而且對某些指紋破壞較大。為了解決這一問題,在上述方法的基礎(chǔ)上,開發(fā)了一種可以用于同時轉(zhuǎn)移和顯現(xiàn)多種客體表面的潛指紋的新方法。這種方法通過將硝酸纖維素(NC)膜或聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)膜與亞甲基藍(lán)(MB)溶液/銀染溶液結(jié)合,可以用于同時轉(zhuǎn)移和高分辨率顯現(xiàn)多種客體表面的潛指紋。轉(zhuǎn)移、顯現(xiàn)步驟簡單,在幾分鐘內(nèi)可以清晰顯現(xiàn)從客體表面轉(zhuǎn)移來的潛指紋。對從各種常見客體(如玻璃,廣告紙,陶瓷杯)和疑難客體(人體皮膚和皮革)表面轉(zhuǎn)移的潛指紋進(jìn)行顯現(xiàn)非常有效。此外,該方法能夠在轉(zhuǎn)移指紋之后,通過使用相應(yīng)抗體修飾的金納米顆粒和銀染處理特異性地顯現(xiàn)指紋,在身份識別之外還能獲取指紋成分中額外的化學(xué)信息。這種轉(zhuǎn)移顯現(xiàn)方法簡單,快速,安全,成本低,適用客體廣泛,分辨率高,對客體沒有破壞性,并對轉(zhuǎn)移之后的分析無影響,因此該方法在個人身份驗(yàn)證領(lǐng)域和代謝物檢測方面具有良好的潛力。最后,針對目前缺乏對指紋先進(jìn)行無標(biāo)記顯現(xiàn),再進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行指紋化學(xué)圖像采集的研究現(xiàn)狀,首次開發(fā)了使用掃描電化學(xué)顯微鏡(SECM)對無標(biāo)記的潛指紋進(jìn)行高分辨率化學(xué)圖像采集的方法。這種方法克服了傳統(tǒng)的光學(xué)圖像采集方法受客體背景顏色影響的問題,分辨率高。SECM探針在表面詢問模式下工作,通過可逆的氧化還原媒介體甲基紫精(MV2+)對NC膜表面的指紋殘留物(如角鯊烯等)進(jìn)行化學(xué)成分成像。甲基紫精(MV2+)在探針尖端被還原為MV'+ MV·+擴(kuò)散到NC膜表面與指紋成分發(fā)生反應(yīng)。MV'+被氧化為MV2+,產(chǎn)生的MV2+擴(kuò)散到電極附近。當(dāng)探針位于脊線區(qū)上方時,由于甲基紫精與指紋成分發(fā)生反應(yīng),MV2+濃度升高,使氧化還原反應(yīng)加快,探針電流相比穩(wěn)態(tài)電流增大;當(dāng)探針位于谷線區(qū)上方時,由于MV2+擴(kuò)散被阻礙,探針電流減小。當(dāng)探針對基底表面進(jìn)行掃描時,探針尖端電流的變化反映了基底表面指紋化學(xué)成分的分配情況從而反映出其形貌狀況。通過這種方法,無標(biāo)記油潛指紋、亞甲基藍(lán)增強(qiáng)的油潛指紋、自然潛指紋、血指紋、陳舊指紋和從客體表面轉(zhuǎn)移的油潛指紋等多種指紋類型都能得到高分辨率的指紋成分化學(xué)成像。應(yīng)用SECM對指紋成分進(jìn)行化學(xué)成像的圖像可以提供常規(guī)光學(xué)方法無法獲得的指紋殘留物化學(xué)成分的寶貴信息。該方法提供了一種全新的指紋成分化學(xué)圖像采集方式,可以提供除指紋形貌以外指紋遺留者更豐富的化學(xué)信息,解決了目前指紋鑒定領(lǐng)域化學(xué)信息和物理形貌同時收集的技術(shù)缺乏難題。
[Abstract]:Fingerprint identification is one of the most reliable methods for personal identification. It is widely used in the fields of forensic science, secret related systems, household registration, social security and other fields. The invisible fingerprint of the naked eye is called the latent fingerprint. It is the most common fingerprint in the field of criminal investigation. The technique of latent fingerprint examination is divided into four steps, the appearance of latent fingerprints, and the fingerprints. Such as collection, fingerprint comparison identification and database query. Although many methods are used in the detection of latent fingerprint, it is simple, fast, easy to operate, high resolution and wide range of object range in many cases. In addition to the detailed features of physical morphology, the chemical composition of the fingerprints also provides other valuable information, such as the age, sex, medical history and possible drug habits of the fingerprints, such as the detection of the chemical components of the fingerprint. The operation is the method of taking pictures, but the requirement of the photo of the fingerprint sample and the photographic equipment is high. The quality of the extracted fingerprint image is closely related to the photographers and the field light. The research of this paper is an innovative study on solving the problems in the appearance of the latent fingerprint and developing the new fingerprint image acquisition method. The difficult problem in the domain is to develop a new method that can be easily applied to different substrate properties and fingerprint types by using the difference of the hydrophilic property of the latent fingerprint residue and the surface of the polymer cellulose membrane. By combining the hydrophilic cellulose membrane with the dye solution in a simple way, the high resolution in 3~5 s is made. The application of this method can observe the two and three level characteristics of the latent fingerprint on the surface of the cellulose membrane, which is very high in definition and can be used for personal identification purposes. In addition, this method is also suitable for 16 days old latent fingerprints and natural latent fingerprints. The latent fingerprint method is very sensitive, and the method of using the latent fingerprint of 8 times on the surface of cellulose acetate membrane is still clear. Compared with the traditional method, the fingerprint method is simple, fast, universal, safe, nondestructive, low cost and high resolution, so it has a good potential in the application of personal identity verification. The main problem of the method is that it is not suitable for some fragile materials and is very destructive to some fingerprints. In order to solve this problem, a new method is developed on the basis of the above method, which can be used to transfer and display the latent fingerprints on the surface of various objects at the same time. This method is by using the NC membrane or pending two fluoroethylene (PVDF). The membrane is combined with the methylene blue (MB) solution / silver dye solution and can be used for simultaneous transfer and high resolution of the latent fingerprints on a variety of object surfaces. The transfer is simple and can clearly show the latent fingerprints transferred from the object surface in a few minutes. The latent fingerprints of the skin and leather surface transfer are very effective. In addition, the method can obtain additional chemical information from the identification of the fingerprint by using the gold nanoparticles and silver dyes modified by the corresponding antibody after the transfer of fingerprints, and the additional chemical information in the fingerprint composition can be obtained outside the identification. This transfer method is simple, Fast, safe, low cost, wide application object, high resolution, no destructiveness to the object, and no influence on the analysis after the transfer. Therefore, the method has good potential in the field of personal identification and the detection of metabolites. Finally, the lack of unmarked appearance of finger print and further fingerprint chemical map The method of high resolution chemical image acquisition for unmarked latent fingerprints by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is developed for the first time. This method overcomes the problem that the traditional optical image acquisition method is affected by the background color of the object, and the high resolution.SECM probe works in the surface inquiry mode. A reversible oxidation-reduction vector, methyl violet (MV2+), is used to make a chemical composition of the fingerprint residues (such as squalene) on the surface of the NC membrane. Methyl violet (MV2+) is reduced to MV'+ MV + at the tip of the probe and diffused to the surface of the NC membrane to react with the composition of the fingerprint, and.MV'+ is oxidized to MV2+, and the resulting MV2+ spread to the electrode. When the probe is located in the ridge, the probe is located in the ridge. When the concentration of methyl violet is reacted with the fingerprint, the increase of MV2+ concentration makes the redox reaction expedite and the probe current increases compared with the steady current. When the probe is above the valley line area, the probe current decreases as the MV2+ diffusion is hindered. When the probe is scanned on the substrate surface, the change of the probe tip current is reflected. In this way, a high resolution fingerprint composition can be obtained by this method: unlabeled oil latent fingerprints, methylene blue enhanced oil latent fingerprints, natural latent fingerprints, blood fingerprints, old fingerprints, and oil latent fingerprints transferred from the surface of the object. Images of chemical imaging of fingerprint components using SECM can provide valuable information on the chemical composition of fingerprint residues that are not obtained by conventional optical methods. This method provides a new method of fingerprint composition chemical image acquisition, which can provide more abundant chemical information from fingerprints except fingerprints, and solve the problem. The technology of simultaneous collection of chemical information and physical morphology in the field of pre fingerprint identification lacks the difficulty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2018
【分類號】：D918.91;O657.1

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