本文選題：非常規(guī)能源　切入點：油砂　出處：《遼寧大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了緩解全球范圍內(nèi)的能源危機,學者們一直在不斷地探索尋求傳統(tǒng)石化能源的替代品,其中油砂這種非常規(guī)能源引起了學術(shù)界的廣泛關(guān)注。然而,目前還沒有一種行之有效且環(huán)境友好的方法來分離油砂瀝青,每種分離方法都在具備自身優(yōu)點的同時,存在其難以克服的缺點,每種分離方法都有待進一步研究和開發(fā)。有機溶劑萃取油砂瀝青方法具有節(jié)約水資源、節(jié)約熱能、成本低等優(yōu)點,存在毒性大、易污染、不易安全生產(chǎn)等缺點。本文針對有機溶劑萃取油砂分離瀝青方法的缺點,對其進行進一步的研究和開發(fā)。首先對內(nèi)蒙古油砂和新疆油砂的含油率和粒徑分布等指標做了分析,研究其可開采價值;其次依據(jù)相似相溶原則,用極性較強的二氯甲烷萃取極性組分多的內(nèi)蒙古油砂,用二氯甲烷-石油醚混合溶劑萃取極性組分和非極性組分相當?shù)男陆蜕?對兩種油砂的萃取條件進行了優(yōu)化。最后以有機溶劑回收再利用的理念設計工藝流程,有效地克服了有機溶劑萃取分離油砂瀝青方法毒性大、易污染、不易安全生產(chǎn)等缺點。本文運用Dean-stark抽提法分別測得內(nèi)蒙古油砂含油率為10.08%,新疆油砂含油率為15.88%,均屬于富油油砂礦,利用篩分稱重的方法分別測得內(nèi)蒙古油砂砂粒粒徑在44μm以下占0.65%,新疆油砂砂粒粒徑在44μm以下占1.9%,均未超過5%,內(nèi)蒙古油砂和新疆油砂均具有很高的開采價值。本文先后利用正交實驗法和單因素控制變量法分別對內(nèi)蒙古油砂和新疆油砂的萃取過程進行優(yōu)化。萃取5 g內(nèi)蒙古油砂的最佳萃取條件為,溫度25℃、30 mL二氯甲烷溶劑、充分攪拌30 min、靜置20 min、采用類逆流萃取方法,得到油砂瀝青萃取率為83.02%,殘砂殘留萃取液1 m L其中的瀝青占含油量的2.86%。萃取5 g新疆油砂的最佳條件為室溫25℃、二氯甲烷(V)∶石油醚(V)=3∶2、混合溶劑量35 m L、充分攪拌15 min、靜置20 min,得到油砂瀝青萃取率為90.55%,殘砂殘留萃取液1.1 mL其中的瀝青占含油量的3.21%。本文以年產(chǎn)1000噸的油砂瀝青為設計目標,分別做出內(nèi)蒙古油砂瀝青和新疆油砂瀝青生產(chǎn)工藝的PID圖,基于Aspen Plus對生產(chǎn)工藝中的精餾工段進行了計算機模擬,確定各個精餾塔的設備參數(shù)和操作參數(shù),對生產(chǎn)工藝中的吸附-脫附分離工段也做出了設計和計算,計算出吸附劑的用量。最后,對兩項化工設計做出了經(jīng)濟指標估算,年產(chǎn)1000噸內(nèi)蒙古油砂瀝青項目總投資200.84萬元,年產(chǎn)1000噸新疆油砂瀝青項目總投資317.8萬元。在當前原油價格為60美元/桶情況下,以上兩項化工設計均不具備經(jīng)濟可行性,但當油價上漲到87美元/桶以上時,年產(chǎn)1000噸內(nèi)蒙古油砂瀝青項目為盈利狀態(tài),且投資回收期小于化工行業(yè)的平均回收期9~11年,該項目具有經(jīng)濟可行性,當油價上漲到89美元/桶以上時,年產(chǎn)1000噸新疆油砂瀝青項目為盈利狀態(tài),且投資回收期小于化工行業(yè)的平均回收期9~11年,該項目具有經(jīng)濟可行性。
[Abstract]:In order to alleviate the global energy crisis, scholars have been looking for alternatives to traditional fossil energy, among which oil sands, as an unconventional energy, have attracted extensive attention in academic circles.However, there is not an effective and environmentally friendly method to separate oil sand asphalt. Each separation method has its own advantages and has its own shortcomings, and each separation method needs further research and development.The method of oil sand bitumen extraction by organic solvent has the advantages of saving water resources, saving heat energy and low cost, and has the disadvantages of high toxicity, easy pollution, and not easy to produce safely.In view of the disadvantages of oil sand separating asphalt by organic solvent extraction, the further research and development are carried out in this paper.Firstly, the oil content and particle size distribution of Inner Mongolia oil sand and Xinjiang oil sand were analyzed, and the recoverable value was studied. Secondly, according to the principle of similarity phase solution, the inner Mongolia oil sand with more polar components was extracted by dichloromethane with strong polarity.Xinjiang oil sands with the same polar and non-polar components were extracted by mixed solvent of dichloromethane and petroleum ether. The extraction conditions of the two kinds of oil sands were optimized.Finally, the process flow is designed with the concept of organic solvent recovery and reuse, which effectively overcomes the disadvantages of organic solvent extraction and separation of bitumen from oil sand, such as high toxicity, easy to pollute, and not easy to produce safely.In this paper, the oil content of Inner Mongolia oil sand and Xinjiang oil sand is 10.08 and 15.88, respectively, which are all oil-rich sands.In this paper, the extraction process of oil sand in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang is optimized by orthogonal experiment method and single factor control variable method respectively.The optimum extraction conditions of 5 g Inner Mongolia oil sand were as follows: temperature 25 鈩，

本文編號：1719787