發(fā)布時間：2018-04-05 21:16

  本文選題：二維納米片　切入點(diǎn)：靜電組裝　出處：《浙江理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著城鎮(zhèn)化和工業(yè)化的快速發(fā)展,能源匱乏和環(huán)境污染逐漸成為威脅人類可持續(xù)發(fā)展的兩大難題。其中,工業(yè)染料廢水是環(huán)境污染的一大主要來源,其來源非常廣泛,包括紡織、塑料、造紙以及皮革工業(yè)。由染料所產(chǎn)生的毒性、誘變性和致癌性嚴(yán)重威脅了人類的健康,因此,尋找一種簡單清潔的技術(shù)處理染料和工業(yè)廢水中的污染物一直被認(rèn)為是一個挑戰(zhàn)。高級氧化技術(shù),包括芬頓催化氧化和光催化等技術(shù),具有無毒、反應(yīng)速度快和氧化能力強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn)。其中,開發(fā)高性能的催化劑是高級氧化技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵。二維納米材料由于其獨(dú)特的物理化學(xué)性質(zhì),如大的比表面積及其薄的厚度,被廣泛研究于光學(xué)、電子學(xué)、磁學(xué)以及光催化領(lǐng)域。本學(xué)位論文以二維納米片為前驅(qū)體,研究其在無光以及可見光下對有機(jī)染料的催化性能。此外,利用XRD、FTIR、SEM、TEM、XPS、AFM、UV-vis等手段對材料進(jìn)行表征,并通過降解Rh B等染料以及無色有機(jī)污染物來測試其催化性能、穩(wěn)定性以及普適性。相關(guān)工作如下:1.通過一乙胺剝離質(zhì)子化層狀鈦酸鹽為帶負(fù)電的二維鈦酸鹽納米片(TNSs),在氫離子作用下絮凝得到一種非光驅(qū)動催化劑rs-TNSs。這種新穎的催化劑可以在過氧化氫的協(xié)同作用下無光條件下催化降解有機(jī)污染物,對不同濃度、不同p H條件、不同類型的染料均具有優(yōu)異的催化性能。并且,該催化劑具有良好的穩(wěn)定性和重復(fù)性。此外,我們基于XPS、UV-vis等表征技術(shù)提出了rs-TNSs可能的非光驅(qū)動降解有機(jī)污染物的機(jī)理。2.采用堿法剝離石墨相氮化碳獲得表面帶負(fù)電的二維氮化碳納米片(CNNS)膠體材料。通過靜電組裝技術(shù),采用Cd~(2+)離子絮凝帶負(fù)電的氧化石墨烯(GO)和CNNS,并經(jīng)后續(xù)還原和硫化處理獲得三元CNNS/Cd S/r GO復(fù)合光催化劑。該復(fù)合催化劑具有優(yōu)異的可見光吸收性能,梯度的能帶結(jié)構(gòu),從而促進(jìn)太陽光的吸收以及光生電荷的分離。光催化性能測試表明,該三元復(fù)合材料不僅具有優(yōu)于單相、二元復(fù)合材料的光催化性能,而且優(yōu)于納米片的包裹作用。材料穩(wěn)定性好,五次循環(huán)后性能幾乎沒有降低。該法為制備二維納米片基的多元異質(zhì)結(jié)提供了一種簡便易操作的方法。3.通過帶負(fù)電的二維CNNS、TNS和Cd~(2+)離子的靜電組裝,制備了納米片基CNNS/Cd S/TNS三元復(fù)合光催化劑。高的可見光吸收與梯度的能帶結(jié)構(gòu)促進(jìn)了光生電荷的高效產(chǎn)生和分離,相比于其他單相和兩相復(fù)合物,三元催化劑在可見光下降解Rh B具有較高的催化性能。此外,三元復(fù)合催化劑還具有優(yōu)越的重復(fù)性,5次循環(huán)之后降解效率仍能達(dá)到90%以上。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, energy scarcity and environmental pollution have gradually become two major problems threatening the sustainable development of human beings.Among them, industrial dye wastewater is a major source of environmental pollution, including textile, plastic, paper and leather industries.The toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of dyes pose a serious threat to human health. Therefore, it has been considered a challenge to find a simple and clean technology for the treatment of dyes and pollutants in industrial wastewater.Advanced oxidation technology, including Fenton catalytic oxidation and photocatalysis, has the advantages of nontoxic, fast reaction and strong oxidation ability.Among them, the development of high-performance catalyst is the key of advanced oxidation technology.Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, such as large specific surface area and thin thickness, two-dimensional nanomaterials have been widely studied in the fields of optics, electronics, magnetism and photocatalysis.In this dissertation, the catalytic properties of two dimensional nanochips for organic dyes were studied in the absence of light and visible light.In addition, the materials were characterized by means of XRDX FTIR, SEMTEMN, XPS, AFM and UV-vis, and their catalytic properties, stability and universality were tested by degradation of dyes such as Rh B and colorless organic pollutants.The related work is as follows: 1.A non-photo-driven catalyst, rs-TNSs, was obtained by stripping the protonated layered titanate into a 2-D titanate nanocrystalline with negative charge by using monoethylamine as a flocculating agent under the action of hydrogen ions.This novel catalyst can catalyze the degradation of organic pollutants without light under the synergistic action of hydrogen peroxide, and has excellent catalytic performance for different concentrations, pH conditions and different types of dyes.Moreover, the catalyst has good stability and repeatability.In addition, we proposed the possible mechanism of non-photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants by rs-TNSs based on the characterization techniques such as XPS-UV-vis.Two dimensional carbon nitride nanocrystalline (CNNSs) colloidal materials with negative charge on the surface were obtained by alkali stripping of graphite phase carbon nitride.Cd~(2 was used to flocculate the negatively charged graphene oxide (GOO) and CNNS. the ternary CNNS/Cd Sr go composite photocatalyst was obtained by subsequent reduction and vulcanization.The composite catalyst has excellent visible light absorption and gradient band structure, which can promote the absorption of solar light and the separation of photogenerated charges.The photocatalytic performance test shows that the ternary composite not only has better photocatalytic performance than single-phase and binary composites, but also has better encapsulation effect than nanocrystalline composite.The stability of the material is good, and the properties of the material are almost unchanged after five cycles.This method provides a simple and easy to operate method for the preparation of multicomponent heterojunctions based on two dimensional nanochips.CNNS/Cd / S/TNS composite photocatalysts were prepared by electrostatic assembly of Cd~(2 and TNS ions with negative charge.The high visible light absorption and gradient band structure promote the efficient generation and separation of photogenerated charges. Compared with other single-phase and two-phase complexes, the ternary catalysts have higher catalytic performance in the degradation of RhB under visible light.In addition, the degradation efficiency of the ternary composite catalyst is over 90% after 5 cycles with excellent repeatability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703;O643.36

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