發(fā)布時間：2018-03-27 22:32

  本文選題：全氟烷基類化合物　切入點：奶　出處：《石河子大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：全氟烷基類化合物(PFASs)在人體內(nèi)不易降解和代謝,一定劑量下即表現(xiàn)出多種毒性效應,對人體產(chǎn)生一定的傷害。人體暴露PFASs的途徑有多種,而動物源性食品是主要的貢獻者。因此,本研究建立了奶類、蛋類食品中PFASs的檢測分析方法,采用該方法研究了新疆產(chǎn)地奶類(牛奶和酸奶)和蛋類(雞蛋、鴨蛋、鵝蛋和鵪鶉蛋)中PFASs的污染水平和分布特征,并對當?shù)鼐用竦慕】碉L險進行了初步評估。主要研究結果如下:運用固相萃取結合高效液相色譜串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜技術(SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)建立了奶樣、蛋樣中PFASs的分析方法。對色譜質(zhì)譜條件進行了優(yōu)化,選擇C18色譜柱,流動相為10 mmol/L醋酸銨水溶液和乙腈溶液。優(yōu)化了前處理條件,對于奶樣,對比了不同提取溶劑、超聲時間、提取次數(shù)和固相萃取小柱對奶樣中全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)的提取效果,結果發(fā)現(xiàn),選擇甲醇溶劑提取,超聲時間為40 min,對樣品中目標物提取兩次,提取液經(jīng)HLB SPE小柱富集凈化,目標物可以獲得較好的回收。對于蛋樣,優(yōu)化了提取方法和固相萃取小柱,結果發(fā)現(xiàn),采用離子對液液萃取法提取蛋樣中13種PFASs,選擇WAX對提取液進行凈化,13種PFASs的回收率好。對分析方法的評價和驗證發(fā)現(xiàn),每種方法均表現(xiàn)出良好的精密度和準確度,方法可靠,能滿足奶類、蛋類中PFASs分析測試的要求。調(diào)查了新疆七個產(chǎn)地市售牛奶、酸奶中PFOA和PFOS的污染情況,并估算了通過牛奶對PFASs的平均日攝入量(ADI)。結果發(fā)現(xiàn),僅有部分樣品檢出PFOA和PFOS,且PFOS在牛奶和酸奶中的平均濃度(24.5和31.8 ng/L)和檢出率(39.6%和48.1%)均略高于PFOA(33.0%和37.0%;16.2和22.6 ng/L);北疆產(chǎn)地奶樣中PFOA和PFOS的含量高于南疆;基于牛奶中PFOA和PFOS的濃度值和當?shù)鼐用駥εＤ痰娜諗z入量數(shù)據(jù),得出新疆成年人通過牛奶對PFOA和PFOS的ADI分別為0.021和0.032 ng/kg/day;以危害因子的值初步評估健康風險,結果表明,通過牛奶攝入的PFOA和PFOS不會對當?shù)厝巳旱慕】翟斐蓾撛谖：�。研究�?3種PFASs在新疆產(chǎn)地蛋類中的污染水平和分布特征。結果發(fā)現(xiàn),雞蛋中共檢出11種PFASs,全氟戊酸(PFPeA)、全氟己酸(PFHxA)、PFOA、PFOS、全氟壬酸(PFNA)和全氟十一酸(PFUdA)為主要檢出物,其中PFPeA的平均濃度最高(0.141 ng/g),雞蛋中PFASs的組成呈中短鏈大于長鏈的分布;烏魯木齊的雞蛋樣品中∑PFASs的含量最高(0.644 ng/g),焉耆最低(0.203 ng/g);石河子地區(qū)4種禽蛋的PFASs存在情況調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),鴨蛋中∑PFASs的含量最高(0.417 ng/g),PFOS在每種禽蛋的蛋黃中均有檢出,在所有蛋清樣品中均無檢出;通過消費雞蛋而攝入PFASs的人體健康風險評價結果表明:雞蛋中PFASs的濃度不會對當?shù)厝巳旱慕】诞a(chǎn)生即時危害。
[Abstract]:Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFASs) are difficult to degrade and metabolize in human body. At a certain dose, PFASs exhibit a variety of toxic effects and cause certain harm to human body. There are many ways to expose human body to PFASs. Therefore, a method for the detection and analysis of PFASs in dairy and egg foods was established, which was used to study milk (milk and yoghurt) and eggs (eggs, duck eggs) in Xinjiang. The pollution level and distribution characteristics of PFASs in goose eggs and quail eggs) were preliminarily evaluated. The main results were as follows: SPE-HPLC-MS / MS was used to establish milk samples. The analysis method of PFASs in egg sample. The chromatography-mass spectrometry conditions were optimized, the C18 column was selected, the mobile phase was 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate aqueous solution and acetonitrile solution. The pretreatment conditions were optimized. For milk sample, different extraction solvent and ultrasonic time were compared. Extraction times and solid phase extraction columns were used to extract PFOAA and PFOSfrom milk samples. The results showed that the extraction time of methanol was 40 min, and the extraction time of the target was twice. The extraction solution was enriched and purified by HLB SPE column, and the target material could be recovered well. For egg sample, the extraction method and solid phase extraction column were optimized, and the results showed that, Thirteen kinds of PFASs from egg samples were extracted by ion-pair liquid-liquid extraction method, and 13 kinds of PFASs were purified by WAX. The evaluation and verification of the analytical methods showed that each method showed good precision and accuracy, and the method was reliable. It can meet the requirement of PFASs analysis and test in milk and eggs. The pollution of PFOA and PFOS in milk and yoghurt from seven producing areas in Xinjiang was investigated, and the average daily intake of PFASs was estimated through milk. Only some samples detected PFOA and PFOS.The average concentrations of PFOS in milk and yoghurt were 24.5 and 31.8 ng / L) and the detectable rates were 39.6% and 48.1%), which were slightly higher than those of PFOAA 33.0%, 37.0g / L and 22.6ngL / L, and the contents of PFOA and PFOS in milk samples from northern Xinjiang were higher than those from southern Xinjiang. Based on the concentration of PFOA and PFOS in milk and the daily intake of milk from local residents, the ADI values of PFOA and PFOS in Xinjiang adults were 0.021 and 0.032 ng / kg / day, respectively. Milk intake of PFOA and PFOS did not cause potential harm to the health of local population. The pollution level and distribution characteristics of 13 kinds of PFASs in eggs from Xinjiang were studied. A total of 11 species of PFASs, perfluoropentanoic acid (PFP), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFH XA), PFOAA (PFOS) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFU DA) were detected in eggs. The highest average concentration of PFPeA was 0.141 ng / g / g, and the composition of PFASs in eggs was larger than that of long chain. In Urumqi egg samples, 鈭，

本文編號：1673574