本文選題：釕納米粒子　切入點：可控合成　出處：《江南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：釕作為貴金屬元素,由于其空軌道多,易配位,電子多,易成鍵等優(yōu)勢使其成為理想的催化劑。眾所周知,貴金屬納米的尺寸是影響其催化活性的重要因素,但是關(guān)于釕納米粒子(Ru NPs)催化領(lǐng)域的尺寸效應(yīng)卻鮮有研究,主要原因是不同尺寸的Ru NPs難以合成,關(guān)于不同尺寸Ru NPs的催化性能研究也寥寥無幾,本文以Ru NPs為研究對象,圍繞其催化加氫性質(zhì)尺寸效應(yīng)研究及其分析檢測應(yīng)用展開系統(tǒng)研究。具體內(nèi)容包括:1.通過調(diào)節(jié)pH和溫度合成不同粒徑Ru NPs,深入理解釕納米粒子在形成過程中晶體成核和生長的機理,探究釕納米粒子可控合成的規(guī)律,考察影響納米粒子可控合成的因素。并通過一系列表征手段,對不同粒徑Ru NPs的性質(zhì)有了一定的了解。2.利用Ru NPs優(yōu)異的催化加氫性能催化還原硝基化合物,選用了對硝基苯酚(pNP)作為芳香族硝基化合物的代表,通過高效液相色譜技術(shù)(HPLC),研究還原產(chǎn)物以及反應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化率;通過紫外可見分光光度計(UV-Vis)監(jiān)控催化反應(yīng)并計算反應(yīng)速率,與其它貴金屬納米粒子催化速率比較,考察了Ru NPs的催化加氫活性;同時研究不同尺寸的Ru NPs對催化活性的影響,并深入理解現(xiàn)象,提出尺寸影響催化活性的機理。最后經(jīng)過催化劑的循環(huán)使用測試,證明Ru NPs能夠重復(fù)使用。3.利用Ru NPs優(yōu)異的催化加氫性質(zhì)催化降解偶氮染料,并研究其催化機理。選用偶氮染料通過UV-Vis監(jiān)控染料降解脫色過程,發(fā)現(xiàn)加入Ru NPs催化速率比不加催化劑速率快上幾十倍甚至幾百倍。4.經(jīng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)硫化氫(H2S)可誘導(dǎo)Ru NPs中毒,降低Ru NPs的催化活性。將此性質(zhì)與Ru NPs催化降解偶氮染料結(jié)合,建立了一種快速、高靈敏比色檢測硫化氫的方法。經(jīng)過參數(shù)優(yōu)化,檢測限可達(dá)到0.6 nmol/L。同時經(jīng)過干擾性實驗測試,該檢測方法表現(xiàn)出高選擇性,并能應(yīng)用于實際樣品的檢測。同樣基于Ru NPs檢測H2S的原理,該檢測方法還能檢測生物樣品中帶巰基的氨基酸,如:半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽。因此,該檢測方法能夠應(yīng)用于環(huán)境樣品和生物樣品中H2S的檢測。
[Abstract]:Ruthenium, as a precious metal element, is an ideal catalyst because of its many empty orbits, easy coordination, many electrons and easy bonding. It is well known that the size of noble metal nanoparticles is an important factor affecting its catalytic activity. However, there are few studies on the size effect of Ru NPs in the field of Ru NPs. The main reason is that it is difficult to synthesize Ru NPs with different sizes, and the catalytic performance of Ru NPs with different sizes is very little. In this paper, Ru NPs is taken as the research object. A systematic study was carried out on the size effect of catalytic hydrogenation properties and its analytical application. The specific contents include: 1. Synthesis of Ru NPs with different particle sizes by adjusting pH and temperature, and in-depth understanding of Ru NPs in the formation process of ruthenium nanoparticles. The mechanism of nucleation and growth, To explore the law of controllable synthesis of ruthenium nanoparticles, to investigate the factors that affect the controllable synthesis of ruthenium nanoparticles, and through a series of characterization methods, The properties of Ru NPs with different diameters were well understood. 2. The excellent catalytic hydrogenation performance of Ru NPs was used to catalyze the reduction of nitro compounds, and p-nitrophenol was chosen as the representative of aromatic nitro compounds. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to study the reduction products and the conversion rate of the reaction. The catalytic reaction was monitored by UV-Vis-UV spectrophotometer and the reaction rate was calculated and compared with the catalytic rate of other noble metal nanoparticles. The catalytic hydrogenation activity of Ru NPs was investigated, and the effect of Ru NPs of different sizes on the catalytic activity was studied. It is proved that Ru NPs can be reused. 3. The excellent catalytic hydrogenation property of Ru NPs is used to catalyze the degradation of azo dyes and its catalytic mechanism is studied. Azo dyes are selected to monitor the degradation and decolorization process of azo dyes by UV-Vis. It was found that the catalytic rate of Ru NPs was several times or even several hundred times faster than that of no catalyst. It was found that hydrogen sulfide (H _ 2S) could induce Ru NPs poisoning and decrease the catalytic activity of Ru NPs. This property was combined with Ru NPs to catalyze the degradation of azo dyes. A rapid and highly sensitive colorimetric method for the detection of hydrogen sulfide has been developed. The detection limit can reach 0.6 nmol / L by parameter optimization. Also based on the principle of Ru NPs detection of H2S, the method can also detect amino acids with sulfhydryl group in biological samples, such as cysteine and glutathione. The method can be applied to the detection of H _ 2S in environmental and biological samples.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：O643.36

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號：1653113