本文選題：能源材料　切入點(diǎn)：線型電極　出處：《廣西大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著人類對不可再生能源消耗逐年增加,我們面臨能源短缺和環(huán)境惡化的問題愈來愈突出。尋找清潔和可再生的能源已經(jīng)成為世界各國共同關(guān)心的問題。研發(fā)新型的能源材料已經(jīng)成為世界關(guān)注的前沿性課題。石墨烯具有顯著的特點(diǎn)包括高比表面積、高導(dǎo)電性、良好化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性和機(jī)械穩(wěn)定性,因此,已經(jīng)廣泛作為高性能超級電容材料的電極材料。鈣鈦礦太陽電池的電極一般為金屬材料,金屬材料價(jià)格昂貴、對實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備要求和實(shí)驗(yàn)條件要求太高。利用石墨烯-碳納米復(fù)合制備薄膜型電極材料,組裝到鈣鈦礦電池上作為對電極材料有很大的發(fā)展前景。制備高性能的碳材料電極,可以省去空穴傳輸層材料,又可作為對電極,成本降低且毒性相對降低。CO_2過度排放所引起的氣候變化以及由此帶來的危害,已成為21世紀(jì)人類所面臨的最大環(huán)境問題。CO_2本身是豐富、廉價(jià)、清潔、安全的碳資源,通過催化加氫制備含氧化合物的研究近年來為人們所關(guān)注,不僅可以減少自然界中CO_2的含量,也可用來生產(chǎn)得到增值化學(xué)品。然而,CO_2是相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定的化合物,目前其利用轉(zhuǎn)化的效率較低,因此,開發(fā)高效的催化材料實(shí)現(xiàn)CO_2資源化轉(zhuǎn)化是研究的關(guān)鍵。本文制備了石墨烯-碳納米管復(fù)合材料及討論其性能,并應(yīng)用于制備柔性線型超級電容器電極和鈣鈦礦太陽電池。另外,制備一種新型三元骨架催化材料,應(yīng)用于CO_2催化氫化轉(zhuǎn)化制備甲酸,以及提出其催化機(jī)理。研究的主要內(nèi)容及結(jié)論如下:在第二章,使用維生素C作為還原劑,低溫化學(xué)還原自組裝方法制備了新的石墨烯和碳納米管(rGO-CNT)復(fù)合纖維。機(jī)械性能測試表明,極限伸長率為150%的混合纖維具有比單一 rGO纖維更好的機(jī)械性能,其極限伸長率為105%。循環(huán)伏安法(CV)結(jié)果表明,rGO/CNT雜化纖維表現(xiàn)出比rGO纖維更好的電化學(xué)性能,因?yàn)榍罢叩腃V曲線面積更大。復(fù)合電極的體積比電容為559.9 F cm-3,其高電流密度為1Ag-1時(shí)的定性比電容為59.76 F g-1。rGO/CNT混合纖維的體積電容和質(zhì)量電容都高于單個(gè)rGO纖維,特別是在低掃描速度下。rGO-CNT復(fù)合纖維的掃描電子顯微鏡和透射電子顯微鏡圖像清楚地顯示了 rGO和CNT共組裝和互連的多孔結(jié)構(gòu)形成。在混合納米結(jié)構(gòu)中,CNT起到骨架作用,并且rGO和CNT之間的協(xié)同作用導(dǎo)致混合纖維具有增強(qiáng)的機(jī)械和電化學(xué)性能。其次,研究了rGO-CNTs其它比例的復(fù)合纖維電化學(xué)性能。通過比較循環(huán)伏安曲線狀況,分析了 rGO的比例對復(fù)合纖維電學(xué)性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,rGO比CNTs的比值越大,其復(fù)合纖維的循環(huán)伏安曲線矩形性越差,快速充放電能力越差。在第三章中,用rGO-CNTs復(fù)合薄膜材料作為正極材料同時(shí)充當(dāng)空穴傳輸層,二氧化鈦為電子傳輸層,鈣鈦礦晶體作為光吸收層,組裝制備了鈣鈦礦太陽電池,經(jīng)測試,其電池效率為0.3%,最大電流0.358 mA,最大電壓0.231 V,開路電壓0.7609 V,電流密度1.193 mAcm-2。在第四章,制備一種新型三元骨架催化材料CuAlZn用于CO_2資源化利用。并研究各反應(yīng)條件對催化劑的影響,研究其催化機(jī)理。結(jié)果顯示CuAlZn-2.5 h表現(xiàn)出較高的活性,在6 MPa H2和200 0C下4小時(shí)得到甲酸為86.1%。骨架CuAlZn-2.5 h催化劑中金屬的組成和比表面積均為甲酸生產(chǎn)的非常重要的影響因素。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),骨架CuAlZn催化劑的回收試驗(yàn)可重復(fù)使用三次,仍保持良好的活性。本研究為碳?xì)浠衔锘蚨趸細(xì)浠癁榧姿岷铣商峁┝艘环N溫和有效的方法。
[Abstract]:With the consumption of non renewable energy increased year by year, we are facing energy shortages and environmental degradation issues become increasingly prominent. Looking for clean and renewable energy has become a common concern of all countries in the world. The development of new energy materials has become the world's attention the topic. Graphene has remarkable characteristics including high surface area, high conductivity, good chemical stability and mechanical stability, therefore, has been widely used as electrode material for high performance supercapacitors electrode materials. The perovskite solar cell is generally made of metal materials, metal materials are expensive, too high requirement for experimental equipment requirements and test conditions. The graphene / carbon nano composite films were prepared by using electrode materials as to the perovskite cell assembly, have great prospects for development of the electrode materials. The preparation of carbon electrode material with high performance, can save the empty hole The transport layer material, and can be used as the electrode, reduced cost and lower toxicity of excessive emissions of.CO_2 caused by climate change and the resulting harm,.CO_2 has become the largest environmental problems facing humanity in the twenty-first Century itself is abundant, cheap, clean, safe carbon source, through the study on the catalytic hydrogenation of oxygen in recent years, the compounds of concern for people, not only can reduce the content of CO_2 in nature, can also be used for the production of value-added chemicals. However, CO_2 is a compound of fairly stable, the conversion efficiency is low, because of this, the development of efficient catalytic materials to achieve the transformation is the key of the study of graphene CO_2 resources. Carbon nanotube composite material was prepared in this paper and discuss its performance and application in the preparation of flexible linear super capacitor electrode and perovskite solar cell. In addition, the preparation of a new type of three membered skeleton catalyst Materials used in CO_2 catalytic hydrogenation conversion and preparation of formic acid, and the catalytic mechanism. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: in chapter second, the use of vitamin C as a reducing agent, graphene and carbon nanotubes prepared by new self-assembly method for low temperature chemical reduction (rGO-CNT) composite fiber. Mechanical property test shows that for the 150% mixed fiber elongation limit has better mechanical properties of a single rGO fiber, the ultimate elongation of 105%. cyclic voltammetry (CV) results show that rGO/CNT hybrid fibers exhibit better electrochemical performance of rGO fiber was better, because the CV curve area of the former is greater. The volume ratio of the composite electrode capacitance is 559.9 F cm-3 the current density is high, the volume and quality of capacitor capacitance qualitative 1Ag-1 the specific capacitance of 59.76 F g-1.rGO/CNT hybrid fibers were higher than that of rGO fiber, especially at low scanning speed of.RGO-CNT composite Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy image fiber clearly showed the formation of porous structure of rGO and CNT co assembly and interconnection. In hybrid nanostructures, CNT plays a role in skeleton, and the synergistic effect between rGO and CNT in hybrid fiber has enhanced mechanical and electrochemical properties. Secondly, the electrochemical properties of rGO-CNTs composite fiber the proportion of the other. By comparing the voltammograms of circulating, analyzed the influence of rGO ratio on the electrical properties of the composite fibers. The results show that the rGO is bigger than the ratio of CNTs, the cycle volt composite fiber safety curve of rectangular the difference, fast charging and discharging capacity is poor. In the third chapter, by rGO-CNTs composite films as cathode materials at the same time as the hole transport layer, titanium dioxide as the electron transport layer, perovskite crystal as the light absorption layer of solar cell prepared perovskite assembly system, the The test, the battery efficiency is 0.3%, the maximum current is 0.358 mA, the maximum voltage of 0.231 V, the open circuit voltage of 0.7609 V, current density of 1.193 mAcm-2. in the fourth chapter, a preparation for utilization of CO_2 CuAlZn model three yuan skeleton catalytic material. And the effects of various reaction conditions on the catalyst and its catalytic mechanism. The results of study CuAlZn-2.5 h showed higher activity in the 6 MPa H2 and 200 0C for 4 hours to get formic acid as the composition of the metal skeleton CuAlZn-2.5 86.1%. h in the catalyst for formic acid production and are the specific surface area of very important influencing factors. The results showed that the recovery test framework CuAlZn catalyst can be used repeatedly for three times, still keep the good activity. This study provides a method for mild and effective hydrocarbon or carbon dioxide hydrogenation to formic acid synthesis.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB332;O643.36

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本文編號：1592652