本文選題：保水劑　切入點：凹凸棒　出處：《揚州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：土壤重金屬污染涉及食品安全的重要環(huán)境問題。重金屬離子通過植物吸收進入食物鏈,或者因滲漏作用進入地下水和土壤中,對人類的生存及生態(tài)環(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重的威脅,因此對土壤重金屬污染的治理已經(jīng)迫在眉睫。鉛、鎘、銅重金屬污染土壤后會長時間存留在土壤中,當(dāng)累計到一定量時就會對人類和生態(tài)環(huán)境的健康造成極大的威脅。近年來,科學(xué)工作者正在努力研究新型材料用于土壤重金屬的修復(fù)治理�；诒Ｋ畡┧哂休^強的重金屬吸附能力,其已被作為重金屬污染土壤的修復(fù)候選材料之一。此外凹凸棒、硅藻土、生物炭等環(huán)保型礦物材料也被作為土壤重金屬的候選修復(fù)材料加以關(guān)注。本文首先利用電鏡技術(shù)對保水劑(聚丙烯酸鈉)、凹凸棒、硅藻土、生物炭吸附重金屬鉛、鎘、銅的表面結(jié)構(gòu)和元素組成進行了表征,然后通過吸附和解吸試驗確認了它們對鉛、鎘、銅的吸附能力。在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過向鉛、鎘、銅污染土壤中添加不同用量保水劑、凹凸棒、硅藻土、生物炭后的黑麥草盆栽試驗,探討了保水劑、凹凸棒、硅藻土、生物炭對黑麥草吸鉛、鎘、銅以及對土壤重金屬形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化的影響,為將保水劑、凹凸棒、硅藻土、生物炭應(yīng)用于污染土壤的修復(fù)提供了參考數(shù)據(jù),并從理論上對添加這些材料對土壤中重金屬形態(tài)和轉(zhuǎn)化的影響進行了探討。試驗結(jié)果表明:1.通過電鏡掃描圖得知,保水劑吸附重金屬離子前其表面是光滑平整的,在吸附鉛、鎘、銅離子后其表面結(jié)構(gòu)凹凸不平,具有不同的表征特點;而凹凸棒、硅藻土、生物炭吸附金屬離子前后其表征結(jié)構(gòu)未發(fā)生明顯變化。2.四種材料在不同重金屬濃度下的吸附實驗表明,它們對鉛的最大吸附能力排序為:保水劑凹凸棒生物炭硅藻土,分別達到:461.6 mg·g-1、198.0 mg·g-1、123.3 mg·g-1、73.3 mg·g-1;它們對鎘的最大吸附能力排序為:保水劑生物炭凹凸棒硅藻土,分別為131.3 mg·g-1、30.9mg·g-1、19.6 mg·g-1、19.4 mg·g-1;它們對銅的最大吸附能力排序為保水劑凹凸棒生物炭硅藻土,分別為 77.6 mg·g-1、23.6 mg·g-1、13.6 mg·g-1、1.5mg·g-1;材料CEC值的大小排序也證明了保水劑吸附鉛、鎘、銅的能力最大。3.解吸試驗表明,被保水劑、凹凸棒、硅藻土、生物炭吸附的鉛、鎘、銅離子與材料的結(jié)合方式主要是通過螯合作用和絡(luò)合作用,而通過離子交換方式吸附的量很少。4.保水劑可促進易溶性鉛、鎘、銅向難溶性鉛、銅的轉(zhuǎn)化,而黑麥草可促進難溶性鉛、鎘、銅的溶解。兩者共同作用雖可明顯導(dǎo)致難溶性鉛、鎘、銅的減少,但溶解出的鉛、鎘、銅將率先被保水劑所吸附,從而減少了對植物的供應(yīng),導(dǎo)致黑麥草地上部的鉛、鎘、銅含量降低。5.凹凸棒可改變土壤鉛、鎘、銅形態(tài)但無鈍化金屬離子的作用。黑麥草的存在促進了難溶的殘渣態(tài)鉛、鎘、銅向可氧化態(tài)和還原態(tài)、酸溶態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化,在施加凹凸棒與種植黑麥的同時,凹凸棒明顯抑制了黑麥草對金屬離子鉛、鎘、銅的吸收。6.硅藻土可改變土壤鉛、鎘、銅形態(tài)但無鈍化金屬離子的作用。黑麥草的存在促進了難溶的殘渣態(tài)鉛、鎘、銅向可氧化態(tài)和還原態(tài)、酸溶態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化,在施加硅藻土與種植黑麥的同時,硅藻土抑制了黑麥草對金屬離子鉛、鎘、銅的吸收,特別對抑制黑麥草吸收銅效果顯著。7.生物炭可改變土壤鉛、鎘、銅形態(tài),但無鈍化金屬離子的作用。黑麥草的存在促進了難溶的殘渣態(tài)鉛、鎘、銅向可氧化態(tài)和還原態(tài)、酸溶態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化,黑麥草所吸收鉛、鎘、銅離子的體內(nèi)含量因生物炭的添加而降低,生物炭對抑制黑麥草吸收鉛、鎘效果顯著。
[Abstract]:The important environmental problem of soil heavy metal pollution involving food safety. Heavy metal ions entering the food chain through plant uptake, or due to leakage into the soil and groundwater, causing a serious threat to human survival and ecological environment, so the remediation of contaminated soil has been imminent. Lead, cadmium, copper contaminated soil after a long time remaining in the soil, when accumulated to a certain amount will be on the ecological environment and people's health caused great threat. In recent years, scientists are working on new material for the remediation of soil heavy metal. Based on water retaining agent has strong adsorption capacity of heavy metals, which has been used as one of the candidate materials for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil in addition, attapulgite, diatomite, biochar and other environmental mineral materials were used as candidate repair materials to soil heavy metals Pay attention. This paper by electron microscope on the water retaining agent (sodium polyacrylate), attapulgite, diatomite, biological activated carbon adsorption of lead, cadmium, copper surface structure and elemental composition were characterized by adsorption and desorption experiments confirmed on lead, cadmium, copper adsorption capacity. On this basis, through the to lead, cadmium and copper in soil contaminated with different amount of super absorbent, attapulgite, diatomite, ryegrass, pot experiment biochar, discusses the water retaining agent, attapulgite, diatomite, biochar lead, cadmium and copper uptake of ryegrass, influence on the transformation of soil heavy metals, the water retaining agent, attapulgite repair, diatomite, biochar applied to contaminated soil reference data, and theoretically to add these material effect on heavy metal speciation and transformation in soil were discussed. The experimental results show that: 1. by SEM that Paul The adsorption of heavy metal ions on the surface of the water is smooth, in the adsorption of lead, cadmium, uneven surface structure of copper ions, with different characteristics and characterization; attapulgite, diatomite, indicated that the adsorption of biochar before and after adsorption of metal ions and the characterization of the structure did not change significantly.2. four materials in different heavy metals concentration. They lead to, the maximum adsorption capacity for sorting: water retaining agent attapulgite biochar diatomite, respectively: 461.6 Mg - g-1198.0 Mg - g-1123.3 Mg - g-1,73.3 Mg - g-1; the maximum adsorption capacity of cadmium are ranked as: SAP biological activated carbon attapulgite diatomite, were 131.3 Mg - g-1,30.9mg - Mg - g-1,19.6 g-1,19.4 mg g-1; their maximum adsorption capacity for copper sort of absorbent attapulgite biological carbon diatomite, were 77.6 Mg - g-1,23.6 Mg - g-1,13.6 Mg - g-1,1.5mg - g-1 materials; CEC value Sequencing also proved water adsorption of lead, cadmium, copper desorption experiments showed that the ability of.3., by the water retaining agent, attapulgite, diatomite, biological activated carbon adsorption of lead, cadmium, copper ion and the combination of materials is mainly through chelation and complexation and adsorption by ion exchange of the small amount of.4. water can promote the soluble lead, cadmium, copper and lead to insoluble copper, transformation, and ryegrass can promote the solubility of lead, cadmium, copper dissolution. Both can obviously lead to insoluble lead, cadmium, copper is reduced, but the dissolution of lead, cadmium, copper will the first is water adsorption, thus reducing the supply of plants, resulting in ryegrass aboveground lead, cadmium, copper content decreased.5. attapulgite can change the soil lead, cadmium, copper forms but no passivation of metal ions. Promoting the residual lead, insoluble cadmium copper can be oxidized to ryegrass. State and reduction Acid soluble state, the transformation in applying attapulgite and planting rye and Ryegrass on metal ions lead, inhibited attapulgite cadmium, copper absorption of.6. diatomite can change the soil lead, cadmium, copper forms but no passivation of metal ions. Ryegrass was enhanced by the presence of residual lead, insoluble the cadmium, copper to be oxidized and reduced, acid soluble conversion, in applying diatomite and planting rye and ryegrass inhibited the diatomite to metal ions lead, cadmium, copper uptake, especially on the inhibition effect of copper uptake of ryegrass significantly.7. biochar can change the soil lead, cadmium, copper speciation, but no passivation of metal ions. Promoting the residual lead, the insoluble cadmium of ryegrass, copper to be oxidized and reduced, acid soluble conversion, ryegrass absorbed lead, cadmium, copper ion content in vivo decreased due to the addition of biochar, inhibition of biological carbon Ryegrass absorbs lead, and the effect of cadmium is remarkable.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X53;O647.3

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 秦端端;姚粉霞;陳亞軍;徐冰;周燕;趙海濤;王小治;封克;;保水劑對土壤重金屬鎘形態(tài)及生物有效性的影響[J];農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報;2016年12期

2 何九軍;;土壤鉛污染對原生動物生態(tài)效應(yīng)的影響[J];農(nóng)業(yè)災(zāi)害研究;2016年06期

3 席赫岐;張慧杰;;土壤銅污染對向日葵早期生長的影響[J];鄉(xiāng)村科技;2016年15期

4 方琳娜;方正;鐘豫;;土壤重金屬鎘污染狀況及其防治措施——以湖南省為例[J];現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科技;2016年07期

5 熊蕾;陽立平;彭清靜;;硅藻土吸附處理銅離子廢水的研究[J];能源環(huán)境保護;2016年02期

6 梁峙;蘆之凡;劉喜坤;梁驍;馬捷;孫曉虎;張雙圣;;經(jīng)濟作物對鉛污染土壤的吸附試驗研究[J];工業(yè)技術(shù)與職業(yè)教育;2016年01期

7 馬彥;;土壤重金屬污染及其植物修復(fù)研究綜述[J];甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)科技;2016年02期

8 劉秋香;張沐;楊程;;土壤鉛污染及其超富集植物研究進展[J];江蘇科技信息;2016年05期

9 黃占斌;孫朋成;鐘建;陳雨菲;;高分子保水劑在土壤水肥保持和污染治理中的應(yīng)用進展[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報;2016年01期

10 李婧;周艷文;陳森;高小杰;;我國土壤鎘污染現(xiàn)狀、危害及其治理方法綜述[J];安徽農(nóng)學(xué)通報;2015年24期

相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前1條

1 王海波;;農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境中的重金屬污染問題堪憂[N];中國經(jīng)濟時報;2013年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 鄭權(quán)男;硅藻土的炭化與吸附性能研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2014年

2 張振宇;生物炭對稻田土壤鎘生物有效性的影響研究[D];沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2013年

3 曲貴偉;聚丙烯酸鹽對重金屬污染修復(fù)作用的研究[D];沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 景鑫鑫;幾種鈍化劑修復(fù)鉛鎘污染石灰性土壤的效果研究[D];河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

2 李德剛;土壤重金屬污染治理行業(yè)研究報告[D];西南財經(jīng)大學(xué);2014年

3 楊廣西;生物炭的化學(xué)改性及其對銅的吸附研究[D];中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué);2014年

4 蔣艷艷;生物炭吸附固定鎘、銅效果的研究[D];長江大學(xué);2014年

5 傅正強;靖遠凹凸棒石吸附水溶液中Cd（Ⅱ）性能的研究[D];蘭州交通大學(xué);2013年

6 何妙瑩;凹凸棒土對重金屬的吸附行為和機理的研究[D];暨南大學(xué);2011年

7 李常亮;保水劑保水持肥特征及作物效應(yīng)研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2010年

8 吳姝冬;銅污染土壤的超富集植物篩選[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2010年

9 盧巧暉;污泥混合聚丙烯酸鈉的堆肥工藝研究[D];福建師范大學(xué);2007年

10 宋玉芝;土壤鉛污染對我國主要農(nóng)作物影響的研究[D];南京氣象學(xué)院;2003年

，

本文編號：1588747