賀江浮游藻類群落結(jié)構(gòu)特征與水華研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-07-04 17:55
【摘要】：賀江是珠江流域西江水系的一級(jí)支流,同時(shí)也是賀州市的主要飲用水源,其水質(zhì)安全對(duì)賀州市社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展具有十分重要的意義。2014年賀江上游的水源水庫龜石水庫、中游的合面獅水庫相繼暴發(fā)大面積的藍(lán)藻水華和甲藻水華,造成當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦娘嬎щy。本研究為了探索兩座水庫藻類水華暴發(fā)的關(guān)鍵影響因素,對(duì)賀江流域的浮游藻類群落動(dòng)態(tài)和水質(zhì)情況進(jìn)行全面調(diào)查,進(jìn)而分析探討造成水華暴發(fā)和消亡的環(huán)境因素,采用Carlson指數(shù)、Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數(shù)及Pielou均勻度指數(shù)等方法對(duì)賀江水環(huán)境和浮游藻類進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),運(yùn)用多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分析法進(jìn)一步分析主要環(huán)境因子對(duì)浮游藻類群落組成的影響,提出兩座水庫不同藻類水華暴發(fā)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)境因子,為賀江水華防治及其水質(zhì)管理提供依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)論如下:1)賀江流域共檢出浮游藻類7門130種,豐水期7門63種,枯水期5門103種,浮游藻類群落組成以硅藻、綠藻和藍(lán)藻門為主,豐水期綠藻門居多,硅藻門次之,藻細(xì)胞密度平均值為2.13×106cells/L;枯水期硅藻門最多,藻細(xì)胞密度平均值為3.71×106cells/L;優(yōu)勢種主要有變異溝鏈藻、顆粒溝鏈藻、集星藻、水華微囊藻、四尾柵藻、卷曲魚腥藻、小球衣藻、小顫藻、小球藻、嚙蝕隱藻和短小舟形藻。2)RDA分析表明,賀江浮游藻類群落分布主要受到氮磷營養(yǎng)鹽影響,綜合營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)賀江水質(zhì)是中營養(yǎng)水平,賀江源頭龜石水庫的藻細(xì)胞密度含量較高,豐水期、枯水期均高達(dá)107數(shù)量級(jí),發(fā)生藻類水華的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高。3)賀江上游龜石水庫藍(lán)藻水華暴發(fā)期間檢出浮游藻類66種,主要以綠藻、硅藻和藍(lán)藻為主,水庫表層藻細(xì)胞總密度平均值為1.56×108cells/L,水華嚴(yán)重區(qū)段峽口(G3樣點(diǎn))藻細(xì)胞總密度最高,達(dá)到5.36×108cells/L,微囊藻細(xì)胞密度占98.09%,相應(yīng)的葉綠素a濃度為74.48μg/L,6月16日~6月19日,藻細(xì)胞總密度變化范圍為1.31×107~3.90×108cells/L,微囊藻細(xì)胞密度占比例為52.17%~96.22%,6月26日,藻細(xì)胞總密度變化范圍為4.76×106~9.60×106cells/L,微囊藻密度變化范圍為2.09×106~4.32×106cells/L,占比例為43.78%~49.92%。水華優(yōu)勢種惠氏微囊藻細(xì)胞密度隨時(shí)間推移呈現(xiàn)逐漸降低的趨勢,并且垂直方向藻細(xì)胞密度集中分布在表層及水下5m處,隨著水深呈現(xiàn)降低趨勢。4)龜石水庫由于特殊的地域特征,主要受到支流匯入的污染物影響比較嚴(yán)重,集水區(qū)內(nèi)的污染物主要來自規(guī)�；B(yǎng)殖,其次為農(nóng)業(yè)面源及農(nóng)村生活污染,因此,要加強(qiáng)控制水庫周邊的污染,降低外源污染物對(duì)水庫的脅迫,從而緩解水庫的富營養(yǎng)程度,有效防范水體藻類水華的暴發(fā)。5)賀江中游合面獅水庫甲藻水華暴發(fā)初期3月1日,僅發(fā)現(xiàn)合面獅水庫壩首有水華現(xiàn)象,3月8日~3月15日水華暴發(fā)嚴(yán)重期,庫區(qū)段合面獅水庫壩首和步頭碼頭均發(fā)現(xiàn)水華現(xiàn)象,擬多甲藻細(xì)胞密度最高分別達(dá)到6.64×107cells/L、2.39×107cells/L,分別占總細(xì)胞密度的97.96%、92.69%,相對(duì)應(yīng)的葉綠素a濃度分別達(dá)到833μg/L和251μg/L,3月底至4月初水華逐漸消退,庫區(qū)段擬多甲藻細(xì)胞密度變化范圍為3.32×105cells/L~1.62×106cells/L,葉綠素a濃度變化范圍為0.93~12.4μg/L;河流段新忠碼頭未發(fā)現(xiàn)水華現(xiàn)象,藻細(xì)胞總密度變化范圍為1.13×105~5.83×105cells/L,葉綠素a濃度變化范圍為0.06~1.97μg/L,擬多甲藻主要集中在表層至水下5m處,隨水體深度的增加呈現(xiàn)降低趨勢。6)RDA分析結(jié)果表明,擬多甲藻與pH、CODMn和NP營養(yǎng)鹽呈顯著正相關(guān),與水力停留時(shí)間(HRT)呈現(xiàn)正相關(guān)性,降雨是導(dǎo)致此次水華消退的主要原因,可見對(duì)于營養(yǎng)型水體,水動(dòng)力因素對(duì)水華的生消至關(guān)重要,可通過水動(dòng)力調(diào)控防范藻類水華的發(fā)生。
[Abstract]:He River is a first-class branch of the Xijiang River system in the Pearl River basin. It is also the main source of drinking water in Hezhou City. Its water quality is very important to the social stability and economic development of Hezhou City. The large-area blue-green algae bloom and the algae bloom in the middle reaches of the Lishi reservoir have caused the local residents to drink water. In order to explore the key influencing factors of the algal bloom in two reservoirs, the research on the dynamics and water quality of the planktonic algae in the Hejiang river basin is carried out, and the environmental factors causing the outbreak and extinction of the water bloom are analyzed, and the Carlson index is adopted. Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index were used to evaluate the water environment and the planktonic algae, and the effect of the main environmental factors on the community composition of the planktonic algae was further analyzed by the method of multivariate statistical analysis, and the key environmental factors for the outbreak of different algae bloom in two reservoirs were put forward. And provides the basis for the prevention and treatment of the water and the quality of the water. The main research conclusions are as follows:1) There are 130 planktonic algae in the Hejiang river basin,63 species in the dry season, and 103 in the dry season, and the planktonic algae communities are mainly composed of diatoms, green algae and blue-green algae. the average density of the algae cells is 2.13-106 cells/ L, the average number of the algae cells in the dry season is at most, the average of the density of the algae cells is 3.71-106 cells/ L, and the dominant species mainly have the variation of the channel-chain algae, the granular trench-chain algae, the algae-collecting algae, the water-China microcystin, the four-tail-grid algae, the curling fish-Anabaena, the small-ball-coated algae, the microbiophylla and the chlorella, 2) RDA analysis indicated that the distribution of the planktonic algae in the Hejiang River was mainly affected by the nutrient salt of nitrogen and phosphorus. The comprehensive nutrition state index was used to evaluate the water quality of the Hejiang River, and the density of the algae cells in the Shiraishi reservoir at the source of the Hejiang River was high. There are 66 species of planktonic algae, mainly from the green algae, the diatom and the blue-green algae, and the average density of the algae cells in the surface of the reservoir is 1.56 to 108 cells/ L, which is up to the order of 107 on the order of 107 in the dry season. The total density of the algae cells was up to 5.36%108 cells/ L, the density of microcystin was 98.09%, the corresponding chlorophyll a concentration was 74.48. m u.g/ L, and the total density of the algae cells was 1.31-107-3.90%108 cells/ L. The density of microcystin was 52.17%-96.22%, the total density of microcystin was 4.76-106-9.60-106 cells/ L, and the density of microcystin was 2.09-106-4.32-106 cells/ L, accounting for 43.78% ~ 49.92%. the density of the microcystin in the water-hua dominant species is gradually reduced over time, and the density of the algae cells in the vertical direction is distributed at the surface layer and the water under the water of 5 m, and the trend of reducing the water depth is reduced. (4) the tortoise-stone reservoir is characterized by special geographical characteristics, the pollutants in the water-collecting area mainly come from the large-scale culture, secondly, the agricultural non-point source and the rural life pollution, therefore, the pollution of the periphery of the control reservoir is enhanced, the stress of the foreign pollutants on the reservoir is reduced, So as to relieve the rich nutrition of the reservoir and effectively prevent the outbreak of the water bloom of the water body. In the reservoir area of the reservoir area, the water bloom was found at the head of the dam and the head of the foothead. The highest density of the quasi-multicellular algae was 6.64,107 cells/ L, 2.39 and 107 cells/ L, respectively, which accounted for 97.96% and 92.69% of the total cell density, respectively, and the corresponding chlorophyll a concentration was 833ug/ L and 251ug/ L, respectively. From the end of March to the beginning of April, the water bloom gradually disappeared. The variation range of the density of the proposed multi-dinoflagellate cells in the reservoir area was 3.32-105 cells/ L-1.62-106 cells/ L, the variation range of the concentration of chlorophyll a was 0.93-12.4. m u.g/ L, the water-bloom phenomenon was not found in the Xinzhong terminal of the river section, and the variation range of the total density of the algae cells was 1.13-105-5.83-105 cells/ L. The concentration of chlorophyll a was in the range of 0.06-1.97. mu. g/ L, which was mainly concentrated on the surface layer to 5 m under the water, and the decreasing trend with the increase of the depth of the water. There is a positive correlation with the hydraulic retention time (HRT), which is the main cause of the decline of the water bloom. It is found that for the nutrient type water body, the water power factor is very important to the biological elimination of the water bloom, and the generation of the algae bloom can be prevented by the water power control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X522
本文編號(hào)：2510103
[Abstract]:He River is a first-class branch of the Xijiang River system in the Pearl River basin. It is also the main source of drinking water in Hezhou City. Its water quality is very important to the social stability and economic development of Hezhou City. The large-area blue-green algae bloom and the algae bloom in the middle reaches of the Lishi reservoir have caused the local residents to drink water. In order to explore the key influencing factors of the algal bloom in two reservoirs, the research on the dynamics and water quality of the planktonic algae in the Hejiang river basin is carried out, and the environmental factors causing the outbreak and extinction of the water bloom are analyzed, and the Carlson index is adopted. Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index were used to evaluate the water environment and the planktonic algae, and the effect of the main environmental factors on the community composition of the planktonic algae was further analyzed by the method of multivariate statistical analysis, and the key environmental factors for the outbreak of different algae bloom in two reservoirs were put forward. And provides the basis for the prevention and treatment of the water and the quality of the water. The main research conclusions are as follows:1) There are 130 planktonic algae in the Hejiang river basin,63 species in the dry season, and 103 in the dry season, and the planktonic algae communities are mainly composed of diatoms, green algae and blue-green algae. the average density of the algae cells is 2.13-106 cells/ L, the average number of the algae cells in the dry season is at most, the average of the density of the algae cells is 3.71-106 cells/ L, and the dominant species mainly have the variation of the channel-chain algae, the granular trench-chain algae, the algae-collecting algae, the water-China microcystin, the four-tail-grid algae, the curling fish-Anabaena, the small-ball-coated algae, the microbiophylla and the chlorella, 2) RDA analysis indicated that the distribution of the planktonic algae in the Hejiang River was mainly affected by the nutrient salt of nitrogen and phosphorus. The comprehensive nutrition state index was used to evaluate the water quality of the Hejiang River, and the density of the algae cells in the Shiraishi reservoir at the source of the Hejiang River was high. There are 66 species of planktonic algae, mainly from the green algae, the diatom and the blue-green algae, and the average density of the algae cells in the surface of the reservoir is 1.56 to 108 cells/ L, which is up to the order of 107 on the order of 107 in the dry season. The total density of the algae cells was up to 5.36%108 cells/ L, the density of microcystin was 98.09%, the corresponding chlorophyll a concentration was 74.48. m u.g/ L, and the total density of the algae cells was 1.31-107-3.90%108 cells/ L. The density of microcystin was 52.17%-96.22%, the total density of microcystin was 4.76-106-9.60-106 cells/ L, and the density of microcystin was 2.09-106-4.32-106 cells/ L, accounting for 43.78% ~ 49.92%. the density of the microcystin in the water-hua dominant species is gradually reduced over time, and the density of the algae cells in the vertical direction is distributed at the surface layer and the water under the water of 5 m, and the trend of reducing the water depth is reduced. (4) the tortoise-stone reservoir is characterized by special geographical characteristics, the pollutants in the water-collecting area mainly come from the large-scale culture, secondly, the agricultural non-point source and the rural life pollution, therefore, the pollution of the periphery of the control reservoir is enhanced, the stress of the foreign pollutants on the reservoir is reduced, So as to relieve the rich nutrition of the reservoir and effectively prevent the outbreak of the water bloom of the water body. In the reservoir area of the reservoir area, the water bloom was found at the head of the dam and the head of the foothead. The highest density of the quasi-multicellular algae was 6.64,107 cells/ L, 2.39 and 107 cells/ L, respectively, which accounted for 97.96% and 92.69% of the total cell density, respectively, and the corresponding chlorophyll a concentration was 833ug/ L and 251ug/ L, respectively. From the end of March to the beginning of April, the water bloom gradually disappeared. The variation range of the density of the proposed multi-dinoflagellate cells in the reservoir area was 3.32-105 cells/ L-1.62-106 cells/ L, the variation range of the concentration of chlorophyll a was 0.93-12.4. m u.g/ L, the water-bloom phenomenon was not found in the Xinzhong terminal of the river section, and the variation range of the total density of the algae cells was 1.13-105-5.83-105 cells/ L. The concentration of chlorophyll a was in the range of 0.06-1.97. mu. g/ L, which was mainly concentrated on the surface layer to 5 m under the water, and the decreasing trend with the increase of the depth of the water. There is a positive correlation with the hydraulic retention time (HRT), which is the main cause of the decline of the water bloom. It is found that for the nutrient type water body, the water power factor is very important to the biological elimination of the water bloom, and the generation of the algae bloom can be prevented by the water power control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X522
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