【摘要】：隨著當前環(huán)境保護工作重點逐漸從水、氣污染治理轉(zhuǎn)向危險廢物環(huán)境風險防控,危險廢物污染防治工作得到社會的關(guān)注和政府的重視,以及新疆工業(yè)化的快速發(fā)展,各種種類繁多、成分復雜、危害性高危險廢物大量產(chǎn)生,危險廢物環(huán)境風險、防治壓力大增,同時新疆危險廢物污染防治工作水平落后、能力建設薄弱,急需系統(tǒng)的研究,全面掌握危險廢物產(chǎn)生區(qū)域、行業(yè)、危險廢物種類、重點企業(yè)、危險廢物處置利用能力等污染防治現(xiàn)狀,研究制定出適合新疆的污染防治對策。本文通過研究,形成結(jié)論如下:(1)新疆“十二五”期間危險廢物產(chǎn)生量呈下降趨勢,總體處置率呈上升趨勢,“十二五”期間全區(qū)工業(yè)危險廢物產(chǎn)生共涉及最多達到858家企業(yè),危險廢物產(chǎn)生種類達到全部49類危險廢物中的29類,2010年-2014年危險廢物產(chǎn)生量分別為66.48萬噸、68.8萬噸、34.06萬噸、30.17萬噸、47.18萬噸,總體呈下降趨勢。(2)新疆危險廢物主要集中在新疆工業(yè)發(fā)展水平高的克拉瑪依、烏魯木齊、巴州、阿克蘇地區(qū)、伊犁州、吐魯番地區(qū)等6個地州,全區(qū)產(chǎn)生量較小的地州為克州、博州、阿勒泰,為全區(qū)工業(yè)化水平較低的地區(qū),和田地區(qū)無工業(yè)源危險廢物產(chǎn)生。危險廢物產(chǎn)生量大的行業(yè)依次是石油和天然氣開采業(yè)、石油加工、煉焦和核燃料加工業(yè)、有色金屬冶煉和壓延加工業(yè)、黑色金屬冶煉和壓延加工業(yè)、化學原料和化學制品制造業(yè)等5個行業(yè),產(chǎn)生量占全部的90%以上。危險廢物產(chǎn)生量大的種類主要是HW35廢堿(石油化工)、廢礦物油(石油開采、石油化工)、HW34廢酸(金屬冶煉)、蒸精餾殘渣HW11、HW42(化工行業(yè))等,與危險廢物分布行業(yè)基本保持一致。目前新疆危險廢物經(jīng)營單位共能處置利用46種危險廢物合計處置利用能力達到79萬噸。其中HW08類合計60萬多噸,是全疆危險廢物處置利用能力最大的種類,其次是HW42類合計6.25萬噸,HW35類合計2萬噸,HW34類合計1.4萬噸,HW06類合計1.2萬噸,HW11類合計1萬噸。(3)通過分析,新疆還存在危險廢物處置利用率虛高,危險廢物處置能力種類分布不均,呈現(xiàn)個別種類過剩和部分種類不足并存,危險廢物綜合處置設施不能滿足當前需要,危險廢物監(jiān)管能力不足,危險廢物家底掌握還不夠全面和準確,危險廢物管理能力與實際工作需求不匹配,危險廢物環(huán)境管理工作處于環(huán)境保護工作的邊緣態(tài)勢未得到改善,現(xiàn)有法律法規(guī)落實不到位,缺乏符合實際的地方配套法律法規(guī)等問題。(4)通過相關(guān)性分析,GDP與單位GDP危險廢物產(chǎn)生量呈明顯負相關(guān)關(guān)系,即隨著國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,說明經(jīng)濟水平的發(fā)展與危險廢物產(chǎn)生強度有很大的關(guān)系GDP的增長,單位GDP危險廢物產(chǎn)生強度降低。經(jīng)預測2015年-2020年危險廢物產(chǎn)生量呈緩慢上升趨勢。(5)通過研究,通過加強危險廢物污染源頭化控制,嚴格準入,強化審核審批,加大落后產(chǎn)能淘汰,優(yōu)化工業(yè)布局,加快危險廢物處置設施建設,加強危險廢物環(huán)境管理工作,完善基礎數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計工作,加強固體廢物環(huán)境監(jiān)管力度,環(huán)境監(jiān)管能力建設,機制體制完善,法律法規(guī)建設等對策能使新疆危險廢物污染防治水平得到提高。
文內(nèi)圖片：
圖片說明：“十二五”危險廢物產(chǎn)生量變化趨勢圖
[Abstract]:With the focus of the current environmental protection work, the attention of the society and the attention of the government, as well as the rapid development of the industrialization of Xinjiang, are gradually changed from the water, the gas pollution control to the risk prevention and control of the environmental risk of the hazardous waste, the prevention and control of the pollution of the hazardous waste, and the rapid development of the industrialization of the Xinjiang, The hazardous and high hazardous waste production, the environmental risk of hazardous wastes and the pressure of the prevention and control of hazardous wastes are greatly increased. At the same time, the pollution prevention and control work of the hazardous waste in Xinjiang is backward, the ability to build is weak, the research of the system is urgently needed, the hazardous waste generation area, the industry and the hazardous waste are comprehensively mastered, The pollution prevention and control status of the key enterprises, hazardous waste disposal and utilization capability and other pollution prevention and control measures have been developed and the pollution prevention and control measures suitable for Xinjiang have been developed. The results are as follows: (1) The production of hazardous wastes in the "12th Five-Year" of Xinjiang is decreasing, the overall disposal rate is on the rise, and the total industrial hazardous waste in the whole area of the "12th Five-Year" has reached 858 enterprises. The types of hazardous wastes reach Class 29 in all 49 hazardous wastes. The production volume of hazardous wastes in 2010-2014 is 66.48 million tons, 68.8 million tons, 34.06 million tons, 30.17 million tons, 47.18 million tons, and the overall trend of decline. (2) The hazardous wastes in Xinjiang are mainly concentrated in six prefectures, such as the Karamay, Urumqi, Bazhou, Aksu, Ili and Turpan, which have a high level of industrial development in Xinjiang. In the region with lower industrial level of the whole region, no industrial source hazardous waste is produced in the Hetian region. The industry in which the production of hazardous wastes is large is in turn petroleum and natural gas production, petroleum processing, coking and nuclear fuel processing industry, non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, chemical raw material and chemical product manufacturing industry. And the production amount accounts for more than 90 percent of all. The types of hazardous wastes are mainly HW35 waste alkali (petrochemical), waste mineral oil (petroleum exploitation, petrochemical industry), HW34 waste acid (metal smelting), steam distillation residue HW11, HW42 (chemical industry) and so on, and is basically consistent with the hazardous waste distribution industry. At present, the total disposal and utilization capacity of 46 kinds of hazardous wastes in Xinjiang's hazardous waste management unit can reach 79 million tons. Among them, the total number of HW08 is more than 600,000 tons, which is the largest category for the disposal and utilization of hazardous wastes in the whole region. The second is the total of 6.25 million tons of HW42, 20,000 tons of HW35, 1.4 million tons of HW34, 1.2 million tons of HW06 and 10,000 tons of HW11. (3) Through the analysis, there are also the waste disposal and utilization rate of hazardous wastes in Xinjiang, the distribution of the types of hazardous waste disposal capacity is not uniform, the surplus and partial types of hazardous wastes exist, and the comprehensive disposal facilities of the hazardous waste can not meet the current needs, and the supervision capacity of the hazardous wastes is not sufficient. The control of hazardous waste is not comprehensive and accurate, the management ability of hazardous wastes is not matched with the actual work demand, the environmental management of hazardous wastes is not improved, and the existing laws and regulations are not in place. The lack of practical local supporting laws and regulations and other issues. (4) According to the correlation analysis, the GDP is negatively correlated with the unit GDP hazardous waste production, that is, with the development of the national economy, the development of the economic level and the intensity of the hazardous waste production have a great relationship with the growth of GDP, and the production intensity of the unit GDP hazardous waste is reduced. It is predicted that the amount of hazardous waste in the period of 2015 to 2020 is slowly rising. (5) To improve the management of hazardous waste management and improve the statistical work of the basic data by strengthening the control of the pollution source of hazardous wastes, strictly controlling the access, strengthening the examination and approval, increasing the backward production capacity, optimizing the industrial layout, accelerating the construction of the hazardous waste disposal facilities, strengthening the management of the hazardous waste environment, and improving the statistical work of the basic data, The measures to strengthen the environmental supervision of solid waste, the construction of environmental supervision capacity, the perfection of the mechanism and the construction of laws and regulations can improve the level of pollution prevention and control of hazardous waste in Xinjiang.
【學位授予單位】：新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X327

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