【摘要】：隨著社會生產(chǎn)的飛速發(fā)展,地下水資源受到了城市垃圾、工業(yè)三廢、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、采礦冶煉等多種因素的污染。我國是一個干旱缺水嚴重的國家,地下水占我國水資源總量的31%左右,因此如何做好地下水資源污染整治工作受到了社會的廣泛關注。自上世紀90年代末,納米零價鐵由于其減少地下污染物如多氯聯(lián)苯、氯化溶劑和重金屬的潛力被研究用于地下水修復。納米零價鐵由于其高活性在環(huán)境方面顯示出巨大的前景,并進行了大量的實驗室和現(xiàn)場研究來評估其有效性。但是,納米零價鐵裸露在空氣當中容易發(fā)生自燃,即使與空氣緩慢接觸也容易發(fā)生氧化,使表面生成氧化物或氫氧化物而降低反應活性,這些問題都影響著納米零價鐵在實際中的應用。針對以上問題,本研究以對環(huán)境友好的高嶺土(Kaolin)、膨潤土(Bentonite)、沸石(Zeolite)、羧甲基纖維素鈉(CMC)、瓊脂(Agar)和淀粉(Starch)為包裹劑制備了包裹型納米零價鐵材料及紫葉小檗樹葉提取液綠色合成了納米零價鐵,并通過X射線粉末衍射儀(XRD)、掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)、透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)、傅立葉紅外光譜儀(FTIR)等對所制得的樣品進行表征;考察了其對三氯甲烷(Trichloromethane,TCM)、四氯化碳(Carbon Tetrachloride,CTC)及混合廢水Pb~(2+)-TCM的還原去除能力。論文的主要研究結(jié)論有:1.以環(huán)境友好型的Kaolin、Bentonite和Zeolite為表面修飾材料,制備礦物包裹型納米零價鐵。礦物包裹型納米零價鐵去除三氯甲烷(TCM)的批實驗結(jié)果表明:影響TCM去除效果的主要因素有礦物包裹型納米零價鐵的用量,TCM的初始濃度和p H值。初始濃度較低,礦物包裹型納米零價鐵的用量較大時有利于TCM的去除。在模擬TCM濃度為10mg/L,Kaolin-n ZVI、Bentonite-n ZVI和Zeolite-n ZVI的投加量為1.5g/L,p H為5,反應2h脫氯效果較好,TCM的脫氯率分別為73.1%、70.9%和74.4%。2.以廉價環(huán)保的Agar、CMC和Starch為表面修飾劑,制備包裹型納米零價鐵。包裹型納米零價鐵去除三氯甲烷(TCM)的柱實驗結(jié)果表明:影響TCM去除效果的主要因素有Agar-n ZVI、CMC-n ZVI、Starch-n ZVI的投加量、TCM初始濃度和水的流量。在投加量充足的情況下,TCM去除效率不受廢水濃度影響。在模擬TCM廢水濃度為0.1mg/L,Agar-n ZVI、CMC-n ZVI、Starch-n ZVI、n ZVI投加量為0.04g/L,流量為5m L/min,反應1h時靠近出水口的取樣口去除效果最好,去除率分別為99.21%、98.13%和97.6%。包裹型納米零價鐵還原降解TCM的體系符合準一級反應動力學,反應速率隨著TCM初始濃度的升高而降低的幅度較大,隨著包裹型納米零價鐵的投加量增加而升高的幅度較小。3.CMC包裹納米零價鐵降解三氯甲烷(TCM)和鉛的正交實驗的主要影響因素有:CMC包裹型納米零價鐵的用量、TCM和鉛的初始濃度、反應時間和初始p H值。實驗結(jié)果表明:較高的CMC包裹納米零價鐵的投加量和較低的初始TCM和鉛濃度有利于降解還原效果;在TCM濃度為0.4mg/L,Pb~(2+)濃度為40mg/L,p H值為5.0,CMC-n ZVI投加量分別為1mg/L,反應3h去除效果較好,TCM和Pb~(2+)去除率分別為96.5%和92.0%,總?cè)コ蕿?4.3%。4.紫葉小檗樹葉提取液綠色合成的納米零價鐵處理TCM實驗的主要影響因素有:TCM初始濃度、p H值和初始p H值。實驗結(jié)果表明:紫葉小檗樹葉提取液制備的納米零價鐵具有較好的分散性,平均粒徑約為20-50nm。綠色合成的納米零價鐵對水中CTC的具有較好的去除效果。影響綠色合成的納米零價鐵對CTC去除效果的影響因素有CTC初始濃度,p H值,和綠色合成納米零價鐵的投加量。當CTC初始濃度為4mg/L,p H值為6.0,綠色合成納米零價鐵投加量為0.14g/L,反應90min時,去除效果較好,CTC去除率為99.8%。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social production, the groundwater resources have been polluted by various factors such as urban waste, industrial three wastes, agricultural production, mining and smelting. China is a country with severe drought and water shortage, with the groundwater accounting for about 31% of the total water resources in China, so how to do well the groundwater resource pollution control work has been widely concerned by the society. Since the late 1990s, the potential of nano-zero-valent iron as a result of its reduction of underground pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated solvents and heavy metals, has been studied for groundwater remediation. The nano-zero-valent iron has a great prospect in the environment due to its high activity, and has carried out a large number of laboratory and field studies to evaluate its effectiveness. However, the nano-zero-valent iron is easy to spontaneous combustion in the air, and the oxidation is easy to occur even when the nano zero-valent iron is in slow contact with the air, so that the oxide or the hydroxide is generated on the surface to reduce the reaction activity, and the problems all influence the application of the nano zero-valent iron in the practical application. In view of the above problems, the present study is based on environmentally friendly kaolin (Kaolin), bentonite (Bentonite), zeolite (Zeolite), sodium methylcellulose (CMC), The nano-zero-valent iron was synthesized with agar (Agar) and starch (Starch) as the wrapping agent, and the nano-zero-valent iron was synthesized by the green synthesis of the extract of the leaves of the leaves of the leaves of the purple leaf, and the nano-zero-valent iron was prepared by the X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The obtained samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and the like. The reduction and removal ability of the Pb ~ (2 +)-TCM for trichloromethane (TCM), carbon tetrachloride (carbon tetrachloride (CTC) and mixed wastewater Pb ~ (2 +)-TCM was investigated. The main conclusions are as follows:1. The mineral-coated nano-zero-valent iron was prepared by using the environment-friendly Kaolin, Bennite and Zeolite as surface-modified materials. The experimental results of the removal of chloroform (TCM) from the mineral-coated nano-zero-valent iron show that the main factors that affect the removal effect of the TCM include the amount of the mineral-coated nano-zero-valent iron, the initial concentration of the TCM and the p-H value. The initial concentration is low, and the consumption of the mineral-coated nano zero-valent iron is large, and is beneficial to the removal of the TCM. When the concentration of the simulated TCM was 10 mg/ L, the dosage of Kaolin-n ZVI, Bennite-n ZVI and Zeolite-n ZVI was 1.5 g/ L, the p H was 5, the dechlorination of the reaction was good, and the dechlorination rate of the TCM was 73.1%, 70.9% and 74.4%, respectively. The coated nano-valent iron was prepared by using the cheap and environment-friendly Agar, CMC and Starch as the surface modifier. The results show that the main factors that affect the removal effect of TCM include Agar-n ZVI, CMC-n ZVI, the addition of search-n ZVI, the initial concentration of TCM and the flow of water. The removal efficiency of the TCM is not affected by the concentration of the waste water when the dosage is sufficient. At the simulated TCM wastewater concentration of 0.1 mg/ L, Agar-n ZVI, CMC-n ZVI, Starch-n ZVI, n ZVI dosage of 0.04 g/ L and flow rate of 5 m L/ min, the removal effect of the sampling port close to the water outlet at 1 h is the best, and the removal rate is 99.21%, 98.13% and 97.6%, respectively. The system of the coated nano-zero-valent iron reduction and degradation TCM meets the quasi-primary reaction kinetics, and the reaction rate decreases with the increase of the initial concentration of the TCM, The main influencing factors of CMC-coated nano-zero-valent iron degradation of trichloromethane (TCM) and lead were: the dosage of CMC-coated nano-zero-valent iron, the initial concentration of TCM and lead, the reaction time and the initial p-H value. The results show that the dosage of the higher CMC-coated nano-zero-valent iron and the low initial TCM and lead concentration are beneficial to the degradation reduction. The concentration of the TCM is 0.4 mg/ L, the concentration of Pb ~ (2 +) is 40 mg/ L, the p H value is 5.0, the dosage of CMC-n ZVI is 1 mg/ L, and the effect of the reaction is better. The removal rate of TCM and Pb ~ (2 +) was 96.5% and 92.0%, and the total removal rate was 94.3%. The main influencing factors of the green synthesis of the green-synthesized nano-zero-valent iron in the extraction of the leaves of the leaves of the leaves of the purple leaves include the initial concentration of the TCM, the p-H value and the initial p-H value. The results of the experiment show that the nano-zero-valent iron prepared by the extract of the leaves of the leaf of the leaves of the purple leaves has good dispersibility, and the average particle size is about 20-50 nm. The green-synthesized nano-zero-valent iron has better effect of removing CTC in water. The effect of green-synthesized nano-zero-valent iron on CTC removal efficiency is the initial concentration of CTC, the value of p H, and the dosage of green synthetic nanometer zero-valent iron. When the initial concentration of CTC is 4 mg/ L, the value of p H is 6.0, the dosage of green synthetic nanometer zero-valent iron is 0.14 g/ L, the removal effect is better when the reaction is 90 min, and the removal rate of CTC is 99.8%.
【學位授予單位】：景德鎮(zhèn)陶瓷大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X523

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