【摘要】：為了更好的協(xié)調人與土地之間的關系,土地整治正在貴州大規(guī)模的展開,隨著重金屬污染日趨嚴重,土壤重金屬污染已成為農業(yè)、生態(tài)、環(huán)境和土壤科學研究的熱點問題�，F(xiàn)階段的土地整治項目忽略了土壤重金屬污染對土壤質量的影響。因此,進行土地整治項目區(qū)耕地土壤重金屬污染的研究是土地整治中迫切需要的內容之一。為探明貴州省土壤整治項目區(qū)耕地土壤重金屬污染狀況,本研究通過到項目區(qū)實地調查、采集土樣、實驗分析,對9個典型土地整治項目區(qū)中耕地土壤Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Hg、As等重金屬元素含量進行了分析,采用單因子污染指數(shù)法、內梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)法、污染負荷指數(shù)法和潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)法,以國家土壤環(huán)境質量標準二級限定值和貴州省土壤重金屬背景值作為評價標準,對項目區(qū)耕地土壤重金屬污染狀況和生態(tài)風險進行評價,綜合評價結果表明:供試的9個項目區(qū)都存在不同程度的重金屬積累,超標元素以Cd為主,Cr、Cu、Zn、Hg、As在少數(shù)項目區(qū)存在超標。項目區(qū)中7種重金屬都有不同程度的積累,其中以Cr的積累較為嚴重,As的積累較輕。9個項目區(qū)中,大方縣耕地土壤環(huán)境質量較好,興義市項目區(qū)和黃平縣項目區(qū)耕地土壤環(huán)境質量較差。多元統(tǒng)計分析得到同一種重金屬在不同項目區(qū)其平均含量存在一定的差異,不同重金屬元素間的地域差異性較大,各項目區(qū)的空間分布差異較大,同一項目區(qū)中,相關性顯著的元素的在空間分布上具有一定的相似性。內梅羅評價結果表明9個項目區(qū)的整體污染水平處于輕度污染,其中As的污染較小。以國家標準二級限定值評價時,各項目區(qū)土壤質量整體較好,主要以Cd的污染為主;以貴州省土壤重金屬背景值為評價標準時,整體污染情況較為嚴重,各項目區(qū)均存以Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg元素的污染為主的復合污染,污染等級也較前者嚴重。分析發(fā)現(xiàn)供試項目區(qū)耕地土壤中Cd大多數(shù)源于土壤母質,外源輸入較少,是否將該元素是否界定為項目區(qū)中的污染元素,應進一步研究其在植物中的富集程度來判別。潛在生態(tài)風險評價的結果表明土地整治項目區(qū)耕地土壤Cd和Hg的風險指數(shù)較高,為潛在的生態(tài)污染元素,需要引起重視;黃平土地整治項目區(qū)耕地土壤為中等生態(tài)危害,其余8個項目區(qū)為輕微生態(tài)危害。建議在土地整治和利用過程中將Cd和Hg作為重點防治對象,將黃平縣項目區(qū)作為重點污染治理區(qū)。該研究結果可為貴州省農業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,耕地資源的利用、開發(fā)、保護以及土地整治項目區(qū)的合理規(guī)劃提供了一定的參考依據。
[Abstract]:In order to better coordinate the relationship between land and land, land remediation is being carried out on a large scale in Guizhou Province. with the increasing severity of heavy metal pollution, soil heavy metal pollution has become a hot issue in agriculture, ecology, environment and soil science. At present, the land remediation project ignores the influence of soil heavy metal pollution on soil quality. Therefore, the study of heavy metal pollution in cultivated land in land remediation project area is one of the urgent contents in land remediation. In order to find out the status of heavy metal pollution in cultivated land of soil remediation project area in Guizhou Province, this study investigated the soil samples in the project area, collected soil samples, and analyzed the soil Cr,Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb, of cultivated land in 9 typical land remediation project areas. The contents of heavy metal elements such as Hg,As were analyzed by single factor pollution index method, Nemero comprehensive pollution index method, pollution load index method and potential ecological hazard index method. Taking the second limit value of national soil environmental quality standard and the background value of soil heavy metals in Guizhou Province as the evaluation criteria, the pollution status and ecological risk of heavy metals in cultivated land in the project area were evaluated. The results of comprehensive evaluation showed that there were different degrees of heavy metal accumulation in the nine project areas, Cd was the main element, and Cr,Cu,Zn,Hg,As exceeded the standard in a few project areas. The accumulation of seven kinds of heavy metals in the project area was different, among which the accumulation of Cr was more serious and the accumulation of As was lighter. Among the 9 project areas, the soil environmental quality of cultivated land in Dafang County was better. The soil environmental quality of cultivated land in Xingyi project area and Huangping county project area is poor. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the average content of the same heavy metal in different project areas was different, the regional difference among different heavy metal elements was great, and the spatial distribution of each project area was quite different, in the same project area, The spatial distribution of the elements with significant correlation is similar to each other. The results of Nemero evaluation showed that the overall pollution level of the nine project areas was slightly polluted, among which the pollution of As was small. When the second limit value of national standard is used to evaluate, the soil quality of each project area is better as a whole, mainly the pollution of Cd. When the background value of soil heavy metals in Guizhou Province is taken as the evaluation standard, the overall pollution situation is more serious, and the combined pollution of Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb,Hg elements is the main pollution in each project area, and the pollution grade is also more serious than the former. It is found that most of the Cd in the cultivated soil in the project area originates from the soil parent material, and the exogenous input is less. Whether this element is defined as the pollution element in the project area should be further studied to distinguish whether it is enriched in the plant. The results of potential ecological risk assessment show that the risk index of Cd and Hg of cultivated land in the land remediation project area is high, which is a potential ecological pollution element, which needs to be paid attention to. The cultivated land soil in Huangping land remediation project area is medium ecological harm, and the other eight project areas are mild ecological harm. It is suggested that Cd and Hg should be taken as the key prevention and control objects in the process of land remediation and utilization, and Huangping County project area should be taken as the key pollution control area. The results of this study can provide a certain reference for the sustainable development of agriculture, the utilization, development and protection of cultivated land resources and the reasonable planning of land renovation project area in Guizhou Province.
【學位授予單位】：貴州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X825;X53

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