太湖藻源性“湖泛”發(fā)生的過程以及環(huán)境影響研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-13 12:25
【摘要】：太湖位于長江三角洲南緣,為中國大型淡水湖泊之一。太湖流域作為中國經(jīng)濟(jì)最為繁榮的區(qū)域之一,人類活動(dòng)密集,水體富營養(yǎng)化嚴(yán)重。湖泊的富營養(yǎng)化造成了藍(lán)藻水華頻發(fā),水體生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的退化等一系列的問題,從20世紀(jì)90年代開始出現(xiàn)在太湖西部以及梅梁灣、貢湖灣等藍(lán)藻水華爆發(fā)區(qū)的“湖泛”現(xiàn)象更是讓湖泊富營養(yǎng)化的危害發(fā)生質(zhì)變�！昂骸笔且活愃A藍(lán)藻大量聚集,并在一定氣象水文條件下腐敗分解,致使水體發(fā)黑發(fā)臭的現(xiàn)象�！昂骸钡陌l(fā)生和發(fā)展過程往往較為迅速,但對(duì)水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)以及周邊居民的生產(chǎn)生活影響較大,針對(duì)“湖泛”研究還很匱乏。為了掌握太湖藻源性湖泛的發(fā)展過程以及環(huán)境影響,對(duì)太湖湖泛的預(yù)警預(yù)報(bào),應(yīng)急處理等提供有力的理論支持,消除太湖潛在的湖泛發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn),我們開展了一系列相關(guān)的野外試驗(yàn)及室內(nèi)分析工作,獲得了以下研究成果:1.對(duì)2013年6月22至2013年6月27日間發(fā)生在太湖貢湖灣沿岸的湖泛現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了應(yīng)急采樣,對(duì)水體理化指標(biāo)以及浮游植物、溶解態(tài)異味物質(zhì)等進(jìn)行了檢測,結(jié)果表明,湖泛現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生伴隨著大量總氮、總磷以及銨態(tài)氮的釋放,水體中嗅味物質(zhì)尤其是揮發(fā)性含硫有機(jī)物的濃度升高,并遠(yuǎn)超過嗅覺閾值。對(duì)異味物質(zhì)與環(huán)境因子的分析顯示,水體中溶解態(tài)硫醚類異味物質(zhì)的濃度與電導(dǎo)率、總懸浮物、總氮、總磷和銨態(tài)氮濃度顯著正相關(guān),和溶解氧濃度顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。但是實(shí)驗(yàn)并沒有建立藍(lán)藻生物量與異味物質(zhì)的相互關(guān)系,這可能與湖泛顯現(xiàn)發(fā)生時(shí)大量藍(lán)藻已經(jīng)腐敗有關(guān)。進(jìn)一步的實(shí)驗(yàn)還需通過野外原位圍隔模擬來進(jìn)行。2.為了更好的獲取太湖“湖泛”發(fā)生過程及其對(duì)環(huán)境影響的數(shù)據(jù),我們于2014年6月至9月間在太湖梅梁灣進(jìn)行了為期近40d的原位圍隔模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)圍隔內(nèi)添加了約10000 mg/L新鮮藍(lán)藻,模擬出類“湖泛”的黑臭水體,其相關(guān)指標(biāo)均到達(dá)或超過已有“湖泛”數(shù)據(jù),表明模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)是成功的。通過實(shí)驗(yàn),我們發(fā)現(xiàn),在夏季的高溫天氣下,大量藍(lán)藻的長時(shí)間聚集會(huì)引發(fā)“湖泛”,“湖泛”發(fā)生時(shí)水體溶解氧濃度接近0 mg/L,p H降至6.67,水體總氮、總磷分別高達(dá)約40 mg/L和10 mg/L�！昂骸钡陌l(fā)生導(dǎo)致大量的氮磷等營養(yǎng)鹽被釋放進(jìn)入水體,引起水體營養(yǎng)鹽的快速聚集和釋放,加速了水體營養(yǎng)鹽的循環(huán)速率。水體呈腐敗狀態(tài),表現(xiàn)為低氧-缺氧的狀態(tài),水體呈弱酸性,發(fā)黑發(fā)臭,這樣水質(zhì)會(huì)嚴(yán)重破壞了水域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的生物多樣性,影響水生生物的生長繁殖。為防止藻源性“湖泛”的再次發(fā)生,在控制太湖營養(yǎng)鹽輸入的同時(shí),應(yīng)結(jié)合氣象、遙感、現(xiàn)場巡查等多種手段,掌握藍(lán)藻生長、漂流規(guī)律,避免藍(lán)藻的大量聚集,對(duì)藍(lán)藻已聚集區(qū)域盡早打撈,并做好現(xiàn)場增氧的準(zhǔn)備。
[Abstract]:Taihu Lake, located in the southern margin of the Yangtze River Delta, is one of the large freshwater lakes in China. Taihu Lake Basin, as one of the most prosperous areas in China, has dense human activities and serious eutrophication. The eutrophication of lakes has caused a series of problems, such as the frequent occurrence of blue algae Shui Hua and the degradation of water ecosystem, which began to appear in the western part of Taihu Lake and Meiliang Bay in the 1990s. The phenomenon of "lake flooding" in Shui Hua outbreak area, such as Gonghu Bay, makes the harm of lake eutrophication change qualitatively. "Lake flooding" is a large number of Shui Hua blue algae accumulation, and corruption and decomposition under certain meteorological and hydrological conditions, resulting in black and smelly water bodies. The occurrence and development process of "lake flooding" is often relatively rapid, but it has a great impact on the aquatic ecosystem and the production and life of the surrounding residents, and the research on "lake flooding" is still scarce. In order to master the development process and environmental impact of algal lake flooding in Taihu Lake, to provide strong theoretical support for early warning and prediction and emergency treatment of Taihu Lake flooding, and to eliminate the potential risk of lake flooding in Taihu Lake, We have carried out a series of related field experiments and laboratory analysis work, and the following research results have been obtained: 1. The flood phenomena along the coast of Gong Lake Bay in Taihu Lake from June 22, 2013 to June 27, 2013 were sampled urgently. The physical and chemical indexes of the water body, as well as the dissolved odour substances, were detected. The results showed that The occurrence of lake flooding is accompanied by the release of a large number of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen. The concentration of odor substances, especially volatile sulfur-containing organic compounds, increases and far exceeds the olfactory threshold. The analysis of odour substances and environmental factors showed that the concentration of dissolved thioethers in water was positively correlated with conductivity, total suspended matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen, and negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen concentration. However, the experiment did not establish the relationship between cyanobacteria biomass and odorous substances, which may be related to the corruption of a large number of cyanobacteria when the lake appeared. Further experiments need to be carried out by field in situ enclosure simulation. 2. In order to obtain the data of the occurrence process of "lake flooding" in Taihu Lake and its impact on the environment, we conducted an in situ enclosure simulation experiment in Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake from June to September 2014. About 10000 mg/L fresh blue algae were added to the enclosure of the experiment to simulate the black and smelly water body of "lake flooding". The related indexes reached or exceeded the existing "lake flooding" data, which showed that the simulation experiment was successful. Through the experiment, we found that under the high temperature weather in summer, the accumulation of a large number of blue algae for a long time will lead to "lake flooding". When the "lake flooding" occurs, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water body decreases from 0 mg/L,p H to 6.67, and the total nitrogen in the water body. The total phosphorus is as high as 40 mg/L and 10 mg/L., respectively. The occurrence of "lake flooding" leads to the release of a large number of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus into the water body, which leads to the rapid accumulation and release of nutrients in the water body, and accelerates the cycling rate of nutrients in the water body. The water body is corrupt, showing hypoxia-hypoxia state, the water body is weak acid, black and smelly, so the water quality will seriously destroy the biodiversity of the water ecosystem and affect the growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms. In order to prevent the recurrence of algal "lake flooding", while controlling the input of nutrients in Taihu Lake, we should combine meteorology, remote sensing, on-site inspection and other means to master the growth and drifting laws of blue algae and avoid the accumulation of blue algae. The cyanobacteria have been recovered as soon as possible and ready to increase oxygen on the spot.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X524
本文編號(hào)：2475877
[Abstract]:Taihu Lake, located in the southern margin of the Yangtze River Delta, is one of the large freshwater lakes in China. Taihu Lake Basin, as one of the most prosperous areas in China, has dense human activities and serious eutrophication. The eutrophication of lakes has caused a series of problems, such as the frequent occurrence of blue algae Shui Hua and the degradation of water ecosystem, which began to appear in the western part of Taihu Lake and Meiliang Bay in the 1990s. The phenomenon of "lake flooding" in Shui Hua outbreak area, such as Gonghu Bay, makes the harm of lake eutrophication change qualitatively. "Lake flooding" is a large number of Shui Hua blue algae accumulation, and corruption and decomposition under certain meteorological and hydrological conditions, resulting in black and smelly water bodies. The occurrence and development process of "lake flooding" is often relatively rapid, but it has a great impact on the aquatic ecosystem and the production and life of the surrounding residents, and the research on "lake flooding" is still scarce. In order to master the development process and environmental impact of algal lake flooding in Taihu Lake, to provide strong theoretical support for early warning and prediction and emergency treatment of Taihu Lake flooding, and to eliminate the potential risk of lake flooding in Taihu Lake, We have carried out a series of related field experiments and laboratory analysis work, and the following research results have been obtained: 1. The flood phenomena along the coast of Gong Lake Bay in Taihu Lake from June 22, 2013 to June 27, 2013 were sampled urgently. The physical and chemical indexes of the water body, as well as the dissolved odour substances, were detected. The results showed that The occurrence of lake flooding is accompanied by the release of a large number of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen. The concentration of odor substances, especially volatile sulfur-containing organic compounds, increases and far exceeds the olfactory threshold. The analysis of odour substances and environmental factors showed that the concentration of dissolved thioethers in water was positively correlated with conductivity, total suspended matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen, and negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen concentration. However, the experiment did not establish the relationship between cyanobacteria biomass and odorous substances, which may be related to the corruption of a large number of cyanobacteria when the lake appeared. Further experiments need to be carried out by field in situ enclosure simulation. 2. In order to obtain the data of the occurrence process of "lake flooding" in Taihu Lake and its impact on the environment, we conducted an in situ enclosure simulation experiment in Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake from June to September 2014. About 10000 mg/L fresh blue algae were added to the enclosure of the experiment to simulate the black and smelly water body of "lake flooding". The related indexes reached or exceeded the existing "lake flooding" data, which showed that the simulation experiment was successful. Through the experiment, we found that under the high temperature weather in summer, the accumulation of a large number of blue algae for a long time will lead to "lake flooding". When the "lake flooding" occurs, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water body decreases from 0 mg/L,p H to 6.67, and the total nitrogen in the water body. The total phosphorus is as high as 40 mg/L and 10 mg/L., respectively. The occurrence of "lake flooding" leads to the release of a large number of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus into the water body, which leads to the rapid accumulation and release of nutrients in the water body, and accelerates the cycling rate of nutrients in the water body. The water body is corrupt, showing hypoxia-hypoxia state, the water body is weak acid, black and smelly, so the water quality will seriously destroy the biodiversity of the water ecosystem and affect the growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms. In order to prevent the recurrence of algal "lake flooding", while controlling the input of nutrients in Taihu Lake, we should combine meteorology, remote sensing, on-site inspection and other means to master the growth and drifting laws of blue algae and avoid the accumulation of blue algae. The cyanobacteria have been recovered as soon as possible and ready to increase oxygen on the spot.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X524
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