微電荷處理印染廢水及其在工程中的應(yīng)用研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-17 19:55
【摘要】：印染廢水是一種常見而多產(chǎn)的工業(yè)廢水,具有獨特的特點。具有排放水量大、色度高、COD高、成分復(fù)雜多變,隨季節(jié)的變化而變化,是工業(yè)廢水處理的一大難題。其作為工業(yè)廢水的排放大戶,如果不處理,每天都會向環(huán)境中排放大量的高分子有機(jī)物質(zhì),危害水生生物的生長和大氣環(huán)境,從而危及人類的發(fā)展,給環(huán)境帶來了極大的壓力。隨著時代的不斷進(jìn)步,人們在服裝質(zhì)量、款式、紡織品的舒服度等方面要求越來越高,這是促成印染行業(yè)飛速發(fā)展,同時廢水成分復(fù)雜化、難處理化趨勢的主要原因。印染行業(yè)所用的染料、助劑都在不斷變化,天然纖維逐漸被化學(xué)纖維取代,PVA漿料、人造絲堿解物等難生物降解的高分子有機(jī)物大量進(jìn)入廢水中,對廢水處理技術(shù)的要求越來越高。以實際工程案例和所查閱的文獻(xiàn)可知,色度和COD指標(biāo)的控制一直是印染廢水行業(yè)的瓶頸,本項目依業(yè)主要求,也是實際需要,主要控制COD和色度值。在形勢所迫之下應(yīng)用而生的微電荷技術(shù),逐漸以它投資少、運行成本低、效果明顯、占地面積少等優(yōu)勢而迅速推廣。本項目所采用的微電荷技術(shù)不同于常見的鐵炭微電解技術(shù),但又有一定的相似性。都是利用了廢鐵屑這一環(huán)保資源,使廢水中產(chǎn)生Fe~(2+),起到一定的絮凝作用和在電解過程中使顯色基團(tuán)斷裂的原理,鐵炭微電解技術(shù)的效果有一定局限性。而本項目的微電荷技術(shù)是在通有一定的微電流的作用下,增強鐵屑的放電功能,電絮凝的效果更強,并且還能自動正負(fù)極調(diào)換,以防止電極被污染物覆蓋而減緩甚至停止反應(yīng)。本項目小試期間,以專利技術(shù)為技術(shù)指導(dǎo),主要試驗了三種不同進(jìn)水(進(jìn)前微電荷反應(yīng)器的水)情況下COD和色度的變化情況:(1)進(jìn)水為原水的情況;(2)進(jìn)水為原工藝的調(diào)節(jié)池出水的情況;(3)進(jìn)水為原工藝的尾水的情況。其中,根據(jù)情況在前微電荷反應(yīng)器內(nèi)投加一定量的H_2O_2和CaCl_2,投加雙氧水的原理:即試驗綜合微電荷技術(shù)和芬頓技術(shù),而鐵離子由微電反應(yīng)放出,生成量不能控制,因此H_2O_2投加量不能確定最佳值,只能通過試驗效果來改變投加量,以求找到最佳值;投加CaCl_2的原理:即增加廢水中陽離子濃度,試驗是否能使廢水中微電流增大,增強電絮凝的效果。試驗時,根據(jù)現(xiàn)場觀察到的效果,第一組和第三組投加藥劑,兩者的投加量在相同的情況下效果差別較明顯,試驗了投加量不同的多種情況,以工程實際分析的方法找到各自的最佳點�？紤]到第二組情況的水是原污水站預(yù)處理過后的水,在試驗時沒有投加任何藥劑。最后綜合比較,不管是COD去除還是色度去除,第一種情況和第二種情況效果較好,而進(jìn)水為調(diào)節(jié)池出水時,因為水質(zhì)更穩(wěn)定,效果比進(jìn)水為原水更穩(wěn)定,并且最終出水更接近于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值。
[Abstract]:Printing and dyeing wastewater is a common and productive industrial wastewater with unique characteristics. It is a difficult problem to treat industrial wastewater because of its large discharge, high chromaticity, high COD, complex and changeable composition, which changes with the seasonal change. If it is not treated, it will release a large amount of macromolecule organic substances to the environment every day, endangering the growth of aquatic organisms and the atmospheric environment, thus endangering the development of human beings and bringing great pressure to the environment. With the continuous progress of the times, people in clothing quality, style, textile comfort and other aspects of higher requirements, which promote the rapid development of printing and dyeing industry, at the same time, the composition of wastewater complex, difficult to treat the trend of the main reason. The dyes and auxiliaries used in the printing and dyeing industry are constantly changing. Natural fibers are gradually replaced by chemical fibers, PVA slurry, rayon alkali hydrolysate and other difficult-to-biodegradable high molecular organic compounds enter the wastewater in large quantities. The demand for wastewater treatment technology is getting higher and higher. The control of chromaticity and COD index has always been the bottleneck of printing and dyeing wastewater industry. According to the owner's request, this project mainly controls the COD and chromaticity value according to the requirement of the owner and the actual need. Under the pressure of the situation, the application of the micro-charge technology has been rapidly popularized with its advantages of less investment, lower operation cost, obvious effect and less land area. The micro-charge technology used in this project is different from the common iron-carbon micro-electrolysis technology, but has some similarity. All of them make use of the environmental protection resource of waste iron scrap to produce Fe~ (2) in the waste water, which plays a certain role in flocculation and breaks the chromogenic group in the process of electrolysis. The effect of iron-carbon micro-electrolysis technology has some limitations. In this project, the micro-charge technology is to enhance the discharge function of iron chips under the action of certain micro-current, the electroflocculation effect is stronger, and also can automatically change the positive and negative poles, so as to prevent the electrode from being covered by contaminants and slow down or even stop the reaction. Under the guidance of patented technology, the changes of COD and chromaticity in three different influent (the water of micro-charge reactor) were tested during the pilot project: (1) the influent was the raw water; (2) the influent is the effluent of the regulating tank of the original process; (3) the influent is the tail of the original process. According to the situation, the principle of adding a certain amount of H_2O_2 and CaCl_2, to the pre-microcharge reactor with hydrogen peroxide is as follows: the experimental synthesis of micro-charge technology and Fenton technology, while the iron ion is released by the micro-electric reaction, the amount of production can not be controlled. Therefore, the H_2O_2 dosage can not determine the optimal value, only through the experimental results to change the dosage, in order to find the best value; The principle of adding CaCl_2 to wastewater is to increase the concentration of cation in wastewater and test whether it can increase the micro-current in wastewater and enhance the effect of electroflocculation. In the experiment, according to the effect observed on the spot, the dosages of the first group and the third group were obviously different under the same conditions, and the different dosages of the two groups were tested in a variety of cases. The method of engineering analysis is used to find their best points. Considering that the second group of water is pre-treated water from the original sewage station, no medicament was added to the test. Finally, whether it is COD removal or chrominance removal, the first and second cases have better effect, but when the influent is the effluent of the regulating tank, the water quality is more stable, and the effect is more stable than the influent being the raw water. And the final effluent is closer to the standard value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長沙理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X791
本文編號：2459754
[Abstract]:Printing and dyeing wastewater is a common and productive industrial wastewater with unique characteristics. It is a difficult problem to treat industrial wastewater because of its large discharge, high chromaticity, high COD, complex and changeable composition, which changes with the seasonal change. If it is not treated, it will release a large amount of macromolecule organic substances to the environment every day, endangering the growth of aquatic organisms and the atmospheric environment, thus endangering the development of human beings and bringing great pressure to the environment. With the continuous progress of the times, people in clothing quality, style, textile comfort and other aspects of higher requirements, which promote the rapid development of printing and dyeing industry, at the same time, the composition of wastewater complex, difficult to treat the trend of the main reason. The dyes and auxiliaries used in the printing and dyeing industry are constantly changing. Natural fibers are gradually replaced by chemical fibers, PVA slurry, rayon alkali hydrolysate and other difficult-to-biodegradable high molecular organic compounds enter the wastewater in large quantities. The demand for wastewater treatment technology is getting higher and higher. The control of chromaticity and COD index has always been the bottleneck of printing and dyeing wastewater industry. According to the owner's request, this project mainly controls the COD and chromaticity value according to the requirement of the owner and the actual need. Under the pressure of the situation, the application of the micro-charge technology has been rapidly popularized with its advantages of less investment, lower operation cost, obvious effect and less land area. The micro-charge technology used in this project is different from the common iron-carbon micro-electrolysis technology, but has some similarity. All of them make use of the environmental protection resource of waste iron scrap to produce Fe~ (2) in the waste water, which plays a certain role in flocculation and breaks the chromogenic group in the process of electrolysis. The effect of iron-carbon micro-electrolysis technology has some limitations. In this project, the micro-charge technology is to enhance the discharge function of iron chips under the action of certain micro-current, the electroflocculation effect is stronger, and also can automatically change the positive and negative poles, so as to prevent the electrode from being covered by contaminants and slow down or even stop the reaction. Under the guidance of patented technology, the changes of COD and chromaticity in three different influent (the water of micro-charge reactor) were tested during the pilot project: (1) the influent was the raw water; (2) the influent is the effluent of the regulating tank of the original process; (3) the influent is the tail of the original process. According to the situation, the principle of adding a certain amount of H_2O_2 and CaCl_2, to the pre-microcharge reactor with hydrogen peroxide is as follows: the experimental synthesis of micro-charge technology and Fenton technology, while the iron ion is released by the micro-electric reaction, the amount of production can not be controlled. Therefore, the H_2O_2 dosage can not determine the optimal value, only through the experimental results to change the dosage, in order to find the best value; The principle of adding CaCl_2 to wastewater is to increase the concentration of cation in wastewater and test whether it can increase the micro-current in wastewater and enhance the effect of electroflocculation. In the experiment, according to the effect observed on the spot, the dosages of the first group and the third group were obviously different under the same conditions, and the different dosages of the two groups were tested in a variety of cases. The method of engineering analysis is used to find their best points. Considering that the second group of water is pre-treated water from the original sewage station, no medicament was added to the test. Finally, whether it is COD removal or chrominance removal, the first and second cases have better effect, but when the influent is the effluent of the regulating tank, the water quality is more stable, and the effect is more stable than the influent being the raw water. And the final effluent is closer to the standard value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長沙理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X791
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