【摘要】：隨著城市化的快速發(fā)展,城市人口和建筑的密度越來越大,伴隨產(chǎn)生的商業(yè)區(qū)建筑群也成為城市生活中不可或缺的一部分。由于建筑規(guī)劃不合理,車流量的增多,道路交通已成為現(xiàn)代城市的主要污染源,且城市通風(fēng)狀況越來越差,給人們的出行帶來極大的不舒適性。室外熱環(huán)境與空氣質(zhì)量主要是由于地面與大氣邊界層的熱質(zhì)交換直接影響城市空氣系統(tǒng)的平衡與均勻所引起的。大氣混合層高度內(nèi)的湍流作用使污染物分布趨于均勻,并且大氣混合層的高度表征了污染物在垂直方向的擴(kuò)散的能力,與空氣污染密不可分。本文從氣象條件的角度分析了2011年-2013年重慶市大氣混合層高度與近地面氣象參數(shù)的關(guān)系,并確定其主導(dǎo)影響因素,用一元線性回歸法建立混合層高度的預(yù)測模型。對于山城重慶,復(fù)雜的地形是眾人的談資,但對于規(guī)劃者來說,卻增加了一定的煩惱。本文取重慶一商業(yè)區(qū)建筑群作為研究對象,分析平均每天不同時刻和四季的氣象條件對建筑群的通風(fēng)及污染物擴(kuò)散在水平方向和豎直方向的影響,進(jìn)一步分析城市通風(fēng)能力和污染物濃度與大氣混合層高度的相關(guān)性,提出改善空氣質(zhì)量的措施。本文研究結(jié)果表明:(1)重慶市大氣混合層高度隨著年變化有著典型的上升趨勢,并且具有明顯的季節(jié)變化和天變化特性。一般春、夏季節(jié)的高度明顯大于秋、冬季節(jié),白天的混合層高度變化波動比較大,而晚上的趨于穩(wěn)定,保持在100米左右。另外白天的大氣混合層高度與太陽輻射、溫度正相關(guān),與濕度、氣壓負(fù)相關(guān);晚上與輻射強(qiáng)度和風(fēng)速正相關(guān),而與其他氣象參數(shù)的相關(guān)性則很小。(2)商業(yè)區(qū)建筑群的通風(fēng)能力在一天和四季之中有明顯的天變化和季節(jié)變化規(guī)律。在水平方向,通風(fēng)能力和風(fēng)速有明顯的正相關(guān)性,在豎直方向,通風(fēng)能力和混合層高度有一定的正相關(guān)性。(3)商業(yè)區(qū)建筑群周圍的污染物也有明顯的天變化和季節(jié)變化規(guī)律。在水平方向,污染物的擴(kuò)散風(fēng)速起主導(dǎo)作用,在豎直方向,大氣混合層高度與近地面污染物濃度有明顯的負(fù)相關(guān)性。當(dāng)大氣混合層高度較大時,這種氣象條件就有利于污染物的擴(kuò)散;當(dāng)大氣混合層高度較小時,這種氣象條件就抑制污染物的稀釋擴(kuò)散,近地面污染物濃度相對較高。鑒于商業(yè)區(qū)建筑的迅猛發(fā)展,城市通風(fēng)及污染物擴(kuò)散對行人的重要性,本研究認(rèn)為應(yīng)該將近地面的氣象參數(shù)統(tǒng)一起來,用提高大氣混合層高度來改善城市通風(fēng)狀況,降低建筑群周圍污染物的濃度,給經(jīng)營者提出合適的商業(yè)規(guī)劃。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization, the density of urban population and buildings is increasing, accompanied by commercial district buildings become an indispensable part of urban life. Road traffic has become the main source of pollution in modern cities because of unreasonable architectural planning and the increase of vehicle flow, and the condition of urban ventilation is getting worse and worse, which brings great uncomfort to people to travel. The outdoor thermal environment and air quality are mainly caused by the heat and mass exchange between the ground and the atmospheric boundary layer which directly affects the balance and uniformity of the urban air system. The turbulent action in the atmosphere mixing layer makes the distribution of pollutants uniform, and the height of the mixture layer indicates the ability of pollutant diffusion in the vertical direction, which is closely related to the air pollution. In this paper, the relationship between the atmospheric mixing layer height and the near surface meteorological parameters in Chongqing from 2011 to 2013 is analyzed from the point of view of meteorological conditions, and the main influencing factors are determined. The prediction model of the mixed layer height is established by means of univariate linear regression method. For the mountain city of Chongqing, the complex terrain is the talk of many, but for planners, but added a certain amount of annoyance. Taking a commercial district building complex in Chongqing as the research object, this paper analyzes the effects of meteorological conditions at different times and seasons on the ventilation and pollutant diffusion in horizontal and vertical directions of the complex. Furthermore, the correlation between urban ventilation capacity and pollutant concentration and the height of air mixture layer is analyzed, and the measures to improve air quality are put forward. The results show that: (1) the atmospheric mixing layer height in Chongqing has a typical rising trend with the annual variation, and has obvious seasonal and diurnal variation characteristics. The height of the mixed layer in spring and summer is obviously higher than that in autumn and winter. The height of the mixed layer fluctuates greatly during the day, while the height of the mixed layer tends to be stable in the evening, which is kept at about 100 meters. In addition, the height of atmospheric mixing layer in daytime is positively correlated with solar radiation, temperature, and negatively correlated with humidity and air pressure. Evening has a positive correlation with radiation intensity and wind speed, but little correlation with other meteorological parameters. (2) the ventilation capacity of commercial buildings has obvious rule of sky and season variation in one day and four seasons. In the horizontal direction, there is a significant positive correlation between ventilation capacity and wind speed, and in the vertical direction, There is a positive correlation between the ventilation capacity and the height of the mixed layer. (3) the pollutants around the building complex in the commercial area also have obvious law of the sky and season variation. In the horizontal direction, the diffusion velocity of pollutants plays a dominant role. In the vertical direction, there is a significant negative correlation between the height of the mixture layer and the concentration of pollutants near the ground. When the atmospheric mixing layer height is large, this meteorological condition is beneficial to the diffusion of pollutants, and when the atmospheric mixing layer height is small, the meteorological conditions restrain the dilution and diffusion of pollutants, and the concentration of pollutants near the surface is relatively high. In view of the rapid development of commercial buildings and the importance of urban ventilation and the spread of pollutants to pedestrians, this study suggests that meteorological parameters close to the ground should be unified to improve urban ventilation by raising the height of the air mixture layer. Reduce the concentration of pollutants around the complex and propose appropriate business plans for the operator.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X51;TU119

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：2439188