活性炭三維電極法處理水中污染物的研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-19 15:14
【摘要】：隨著我國工業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展,水資源污染、短缺問題越來越嚴重。傳統(tǒng)的物理、化學、生物處理技術均有一定的局限性,因此電化學水處理技術以其處理方便、有效的特點得到廣大研究者的關注。二維電化學處理技術較三維電化學技術處理效果差,效率低。本研究主要是采用三維電化學處理技術,以不銹鋼和石墨棒作電極,活性炭粒子作三維電極,用靜態(tài)電解槽探索三維電化學反應最佳參數(shù),采用動態(tài)三維活性炭柱處理甲基橙、分散大紅和三氯乙酸的模擬水樣,并探索其反應機理。本研究主要通過測定甲基橙和分散大紅的濃度,用氣相色譜測定三氯乙酸的濃度,并且測定各反應參數(shù)條件下的COD值,判斷反應器的處理效果以及確定電化學反應的最佳反應參數(shù)。通過電解水楊酸溶液間接測定溶液的·OH的含量,并且用TOC儀測定其DOC值,采用液相色譜凝膠柱法測定各處理條件下的表觀分子量,以及測定其三維熒光光譜來研究其反應機理。采用靜態(tài)裝置處理甲基橙模擬水樣,在不同活性炭、電壓、極板間距以及pH條件,根據(jù)甲基橙的去除率和COD去除率可以得出最佳的反應參數(shù)：加活性炭作為粒子電極的處理效果比二維電極的處理效果好,其中煤質(zhì)活性炭的處理效果最好；電壓為15V時的處理效果最好,電壓較小時電場作用小,產(chǎn)生的·OH的量也較小,當電壓大于15V時,產(chǎn)生的副反應使溶液溫度升高；極板間距為10mm時的處理效果最佳,當間距過小時,溶液的傳質(zhì)流動過慢阻礙反應速度,大于10mm時,極板間電場作用減小,電解反應減慢；pH值越小時,水樣的處理效果越好。三維活性炭柱動態(tài)試驗研究并作穿透曲線,結果表明,活性炭柱對甲基橙、分散大紅、三氯乙酸的處理效果很好,40h內(nèi)可以達到100%的處理效果,而且加電條件的處理效果優(yōu)于不加電條件,突破時間、飽和時間均延后,吸附飽和后仍存在50%左右的去除率,并且在加電15V時的處理效果最好。根據(jù)水楊酸捕捉法測定了·OH的含量,在電壓為15V時的吸光值最高,此時產(chǎn)生的·OH的含量最多。甲基橙的表觀分子量為600-700之間,處理后的水樣并未發(fā)現(xiàn)小分子量其他有機物質(zhì)。結果可以確定甲基橙的三維熒光光譜的光譜峰,根據(jù)峰的強度可以看出甲基橙的處理效果,動態(tài)態(tài)活性炭柱處理效果很好,最初甲基橙去除率達到95%以上,且還去除了自來水中的其他雜質(zhì),處理后未發(fā)現(xiàn)新的雜質(zhì)峰,只有在電壓為20V條件下看到一些類腐殖酸雜質(zhì),處理電壓不應過大,可能生成副產(chǎn)物。本研究表明三維電化學處理有機污染物質(zhì)在合適的電壓、活性炭、pH條件下,可以達到很較的效果,因此認為三維電化學是一種有效、便于控制的水處理技術,但是其具體反應機理和安全性能尚需做進一步研究。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industry in China, water pollution and shortage are becoming more and more serious. Traditional physical, chemical and biological treatment techniques have some limitations. Therefore, electrochemical water treatment technology has attracted the attention of many researchers because of its convenient and effective characteristics. Two dimensional electrochemical treatment is less effective and less efficient than three-dimensional electrochemical treatment. In this study, three-dimensional electrochemical treatment technology was used, stainless steel and graphite rod as electrode, activated carbon particle as three-dimensional electrode, static electrolyzer to explore the best parameters of three-dimensional electrochemical reaction, dynamic three-dimensional activated carbon column to treat methyl orange. The simulated water samples of red and trichloroacetic acid were dispersed and the reaction mechanism was explored. In this study, the concentration of methyl orange and disperse red was determined, the concentration of trichloroacetic acid was determined by gas chromatography, and the COD value was determined under various reaction parameters. To judge the treatment effect of the reactor and to determine the optimum reaction parameters of the electrochemical reaction. The OH content of the solution was determined indirectly by electrolytic salicylic acid solution, the DOC value of the solution was measured by TOC instrument, and the apparent molecular weight of the solution was determined by liquid chromatography gel column method. The reaction mechanism was studied by measuring its three-dimensional fluorescence spectra. A static device was used to treat methyl orange simulated water samples under different activated carbon, voltage, plate spacing and pH conditions. According to the removal rate of methyl orange and the removal rate of COD, the optimal reaction parameters can be obtained: the treatment effect of adding activated carbon as particle electrode is better than that of two-dimensional electrode, among which the treatment effect of coal activated carbon is the best; When the voltage is 15V, the treatment effect is the best, the voltage is smaller than the electric field, and the amount of OH produced is smaller. When the voltage is more than 15V, the side reaction will increase the solution temperature. When the distance between the plates is 10mm, the treatment effect is the best. When the distance is too small, the mass transfer flow of the solution is too slow to hinder the reaction speed. When the distance is larger than the 10mm, the electric field action between the plates decreases and the electrolytic reaction slows down, and the smaller the pH value, the better the treatment effect of the water sample is. The dynamic experiment of three-dimensional activated carbon column was carried out. The results showed that the treatment effect of activated carbon column on methyl orange, disperse reddish and trichloroacetic acid was very good, and the treatment effect could reach 100% within 40 hours. Moreover, the treatment effect of the condition is better than that of the condition without adding electricity, the breakthrough time and saturation time are delayed, and the removal rate is still about 50% after adsorption saturation, and the treatment effect is the best when the power is added to 15V. The content of OH was determined by salicylic acid capture method. The absorption value of OH was the highest at the voltage of 15V, and the content of OH was the highest. The apparent molecular weight of methyl orange ranged from 600 to 700. No other organic matter with small molecular weight was found in treated water. The results showed that the spectral peak of the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum of methyl orange could be determined. According to the intensity of the peak, the treatment effect of methyl orange was very good, and the removal rate of methyl orange was over 95% at the beginning. Other impurities in tap water were removed and no new impurity peak was found after treatment. Only some humic acid impurities were found at the voltage of 20V. The treatment voltage should not be too large and the by-products may be formed. This study shows that three-dimensional electrochemical treatment of organic pollutants under the appropriate voltage, activated carbon, pH conditions, can achieve very good results, so that three-dimensional electrochemistry is an effective and easy to control the water treatment technology, However, the specific reaction mechanism and safety performance still need to be further studied.
【學位授予單位】：山西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703
本文編號：2411488
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industry in China, water pollution and shortage are becoming more and more serious. Traditional physical, chemical and biological treatment techniques have some limitations. Therefore, electrochemical water treatment technology has attracted the attention of many researchers because of its convenient and effective characteristics. Two dimensional electrochemical treatment is less effective and less efficient than three-dimensional electrochemical treatment. In this study, three-dimensional electrochemical treatment technology was used, stainless steel and graphite rod as electrode, activated carbon particle as three-dimensional electrode, static electrolyzer to explore the best parameters of three-dimensional electrochemical reaction, dynamic three-dimensional activated carbon column to treat methyl orange. The simulated water samples of red and trichloroacetic acid were dispersed and the reaction mechanism was explored. In this study, the concentration of methyl orange and disperse red was determined, the concentration of trichloroacetic acid was determined by gas chromatography, and the COD value was determined under various reaction parameters. To judge the treatment effect of the reactor and to determine the optimum reaction parameters of the electrochemical reaction. The OH content of the solution was determined indirectly by electrolytic salicylic acid solution, the DOC value of the solution was measured by TOC instrument, and the apparent molecular weight of the solution was determined by liquid chromatography gel column method. The reaction mechanism was studied by measuring its three-dimensional fluorescence spectra. A static device was used to treat methyl orange simulated water samples under different activated carbon, voltage, plate spacing and pH conditions. According to the removal rate of methyl orange and the removal rate of COD, the optimal reaction parameters can be obtained: the treatment effect of adding activated carbon as particle electrode is better than that of two-dimensional electrode, among which the treatment effect of coal activated carbon is the best; When the voltage is 15V, the treatment effect is the best, the voltage is smaller than the electric field, and the amount of OH produced is smaller. When the voltage is more than 15V, the side reaction will increase the solution temperature. When the distance between the plates is 10mm, the treatment effect is the best. When the distance is too small, the mass transfer flow of the solution is too slow to hinder the reaction speed. When the distance is larger than the 10mm, the electric field action between the plates decreases and the electrolytic reaction slows down, and the smaller the pH value, the better the treatment effect of the water sample is. The dynamic experiment of three-dimensional activated carbon column was carried out. The results showed that the treatment effect of activated carbon column on methyl orange, disperse reddish and trichloroacetic acid was very good, and the treatment effect could reach 100% within 40 hours. Moreover, the treatment effect of the condition is better than that of the condition without adding electricity, the breakthrough time and saturation time are delayed, and the removal rate is still about 50% after adsorption saturation, and the treatment effect is the best when the power is added to 15V. The content of OH was determined by salicylic acid capture method. The absorption value of OH was the highest at the voltage of 15V, and the content of OH was the highest. The apparent molecular weight of methyl orange ranged from 600 to 700. No other organic matter with small molecular weight was found in treated water. The results showed that the spectral peak of the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum of methyl orange could be determined. According to the intensity of the peak, the treatment effect of methyl orange was very good, and the removal rate of methyl orange was over 95% at the beginning. Other impurities in tap water were removed and no new impurity peak was found after treatment. Only some humic acid impurities were found at the voltage of 20V. The treatment voltage should not be too large and the by-products may be formed. This study shows that three-dimensional electrochemical treatment of organic pollutants under the appropriate voltage, activated carbon, pH conditions, can achieve very good results, so that three-dimensional electrochemistry is an effective and easy to control the water treatment technology, However, the specific reaction mechanism and safety performance still need to be further studied.
【學位授予單位】：山西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703
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