【摘要】：有效識別城市河流水質(zhì)特征,可為其河流水資源管理和保護提供決策參考。通過沿河實地調(diào)查和2013年4月-2014年4月30個監(jiān)測點,開展水體總氮(TN)、氨氮(NH4-N)、硝態(tài)氮(NO3-N)、總磷(TP)、化學需氧量(COD)、鉻(Cr)、銅(Cu)、鋅(Zn)、鉛(Pb)、砷(As)和鎘(Cd)等11項水體理化指標的監(jiān)測分析,分析主城區(qū)次級河流水體水環(huán)境時空變化特征,并對次級河流水體水環(huán)境質(zhì)量進行評價及對富營養(yǎng)化程度進行評估。主要研究內(nèi)容及成果如下:(1)水環(huán)境時空變化特征分析表明:各水質(zhì)監(jiān)測要素中營養(yǎng)鹽污染較為嚴重,尤以富營養(yǎng)化指標氮最為顯著,其中總氮的平均值已達到《國家地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量標準》(GB/T3838-2002)中V類水質(zhì)的8倍;秋冬季含量較高,春夏季含量較少;而重金屬污染時間變化顯著主要由降水產(chǎn)生的面源污染,并河流對Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、As和Cd的自凈能力表現(xiàn)不突出。(2)相關分析表明,水質(zhì)指標相關性表現(xiàn)較為突出的時間主要為2013年6月、2013年9月、2013年10月、2013年11月、2014年1月和2014年4月;其中總氮與氨氮相關系數(shù)高達0.94。由主成分分析可知,次級河流水體中TN、NH4-N、TP、COD和Pb主要受第1主成分支配。第2主成分主要支配NO3-N、Cr和Zn,第3主成分與第4主成分主要支配重金屬,污染物分布主要為南高北低的空間布局。(3)采用單因子指數(shù)法和綜合營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)指數(shù)法分別對次級河流水體水環(huán)境質(zhì)量及富營養(yǎng)化狀態(tài)進行評價,結(jié)果表明:次級河流水體水質(zhì)基本為重度污染與嚴重污染等級;各監(jiān)測斷面全年基本都處于嚴重污染等級。所有河流在各季節(jié)均處于富營養(yǎng)化狀態(tài),水體富營養(yǎng)化嚴重程度排序為盤溪河清水溪跳蹬河花溪河伏牛溪朝陽河。
[Abstract]:Effective identification of urban river water quality characteristics can provide a decision reference for river water resources management and protection. Through field investigation along the river and 30 monitoring sites from April 2013 to April 2014, total nitrogen (TN),) ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), Cr (Cr), Cu (Cu),) were carried out. Monitoring and analysis of 11 physical and chemical indexes such as zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) were carried out to analyze the temporal and spatial changes of water environment of secondary rivers in the main urban area. The water environmental quality and eutrophication degree of secondary rivers were evaluated. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) the characteristics of temporal and spatial variation of water environment show that the nutrient pollution is more serious among the monitoring elements of water quality, especially the eutrophication index nitrogen. The average value of total nitrogen has reached 8 times of that of category V water quality in the National Surface Water Environmental quality Standard (GB/T3838-2002). The content in autumn and winter is higher than that in spring and summer. However, the time variation of heavy metal pollution was mainly caused by non-point source pollution caused by precipitation, and the self-purification ability of rivers to Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb,As and Cd was not obvious. (2) correlation analysis showed that, The main periods of relevance of water quality indicators were June 2013, September 2013, October 2013, November 2013, January 2014 and April 2014; The correlation coefficient between total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen is as high as 0.94. The principal component analysis shows that TN,NH4-N,TP,COD and Pb are mainly controlled by the first principal component in the secondary river. The second principal component dominates the third principal component of NO3-N,Cr and Zn, and the fourth principal component dominates heavy metals. The distribution of pollutants was mainly the spatial distribution of high and north low in the south. (3) the water environmental quality and eutrophication status of secondary rivers were evaluated by single factor index method and comprehensive nutritional status index method. The results showed that the water quality of secondary rivers was classified as serious pollution and serious pollution. Each monitoring section is basically in a serious pollution grade throughout the year. All rivers are in eutrophication state in each season, and the serious degree of eutrophication in water body is ranked as the Chaoyang River of Funiu River, Huaxi River and Qingshui River of Panxi River.
【學位授予單位】：重慶工商大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X522;X824

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本文編號：2410403