發(fā)布時間：2019-01-03 12:07

【摘要】：近年來,全球水體富營養(yǎng)化狀況日益嚴(yán)重,海洋、湖泊、河流等水域中水華災(zāi)害時有發(fā)生,導(dǎo)致了一系列環(huán)境問題,并嚴(yán)重影響人類生產(chǎn)生活和水資源保護(hù)。銅綠微囊藻是最常見的淡水水華藻類,當(dāng)銅綠微囊藻水華初起及爆發(fā)時,需要采取有效的應(yīng)急措施對其加以控制�；瘜W(xué)藥劑法是常用的控制銅綠微囊藻水華的方法,但其往往具有較強(qiáng)的毒性,可能對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)及環(huán)境造成較大傷害。因此,對除藻抑藻藥劑進(jìn)行研究,確定其最優(yōu)濃度、除藻抑藻效果和生物毒性對科學(xué)控制銅綠微囊藻水華具有較大的現(xiàn)實意義。超聲波技術(shù)被看做是一種環(huán)保、安全的控制水華藻類的手段。本文利用超聲波對銅綠微囊藻細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞作用和抑制銅綠微囊藻生長兩方面的作用,通過單因素實驗和響應(yīng)面實驗兩種方法,對超聲波對銅綠微囊藻的應(yīng)急去除和抑制其生長的作用效果進(jìn)行研究,為超聲波抑制銅綠微囊藻水華提供實驗支持和科學(xué)依據(jù)。本文實驗結(jié)果表明：戊二醛最優(yōu)抑藻濃度約為5 mg/L,藻去除率為75.31%；十六烷基三甲基溴化銨最優(yōu)抑藻濃度約為2 mg/L,藻去除率為73.62%；異噻唑啉酮最優(yōu)抑藻濃度為2mg/L,藻去除率為80.43%；2-甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯的最優(yōu)抑藻濃度為7mg/L,藻去除率為54.90%；硫酸銅的最優(yōu)除藻濃度為1.5mg/L,藻去除率為76.84%。測定了5種實驗藥劑對錦鯉的急性生物毒性,確定其錦鯉的96hLC50和最高無死亡濃度分別為：6.33 mg/L,5 mg/L;3.67 mg/L,2 mg/L; 0.83 mg/L,0.25 mg/L;20 mg/L,19 mg/L;3.29 mg/L,2 mg/L。實驗研究了超聲波即時去除銅綠微囊藻的單因素實驗和響應(yīng)面實驗。即時除藻單因素實驗確定輻照時間20-60min、頻率20kHz、功率60W為最佳參數(shù)條件。通過響應(yīng)面實驗得到擬合二階數(shù)學(xué)模型表達(dá)式。根據(jù)擬合結(jié)果,當(dāng)頻率20kHz、功率58.67W、輻照時間為58.03min時,即時藻去除率有最大值17.58%。然后進(jìn)行超聲波抑制銅綠微囊藻生長的實驗。單因素實驗確定輻照時間20-60min、功率60W、功率50-80kH為最佳參數(shù)范圍。通過響應(yīng)面實驗確定了超聲波抑制銅綠微囊藻生長的數(shù)學(xué)擬合模型。預(yù)測頻率為74.47kHz、功率為53.65w、輻照時間為54.17min時,對銅綠微囊藻的抑制率有最大值85.14%。實驗室實驗完成后,在現(xiàn)場進(jìn)行了化學(xué)除藻抑藻藥劑戊二醛的中試。中試結(jié)果證明,戊二醛對銅綠微囊藻有較好的除藻抑藻能力。最大葉綠素a去除率達(dá)到61.4%,最大銅綠微囊藻細(xì)胞去除率達(dá)到約55%。在現(xiàn)場進(jìn)行了超聲波除藻抑藻的中試。結(jié)果證明超聲波對銅綠微囊藻有較好的去除和抑制作用。最大藻去除率達(dá)到53.73%。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the eutrophication of global water bodies is becoming more and more serious. The disasters of Shui Hua in the sea, lakes, rivers and other waters occur from time to time, resulting in a series of environmental problems, and seriously affecting human production and life and water resources protection. Microcystis aeruginosa is the most common algae of fresh water Shui Hua. When the algae start and erupt, it is necessary to take effective emergency measures to control it. Chemical reagent method is a common method to control microcystis aeruginosa Shui Hua, but it is often toxic and may cause great harm to ecosystem and environment. Therefore, it is of great practical significance for the scientific control of microcystis aeruginosa Shui Hua to study the algal suppressant, determine the optimal concentration, the effect of algal inhibition and the biotoxicity of microcystis aeruginosa. Ultrasonic technology is seen as an environmentally safe means of controlling Shui Hua's algae. In this paper, the effects of ultrasonic wave on the cell structure of microcystis aeruginosa and its inhibition on the growth of microcystis aeruginosa were studied by single factor experiment and response surface test. The effect of ultrasonic wave on the emergency removal and growth inhibition of microcystis aeruginosa was studied in order to provide experimental support and scientific basis for the inhibition of Shui Hua by ultrasonic wave. The results showed that the optimal inhibitory concentration of glutaraldehyde was about 5 mg/L, the removal rate of algae was 75.31, the optimal inhibitory concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was about 2 mg/L, the removal rate of algae was 73.62. The optimum inhibitory concentration of isothiazolinone was 2 mg / L, the removal rate of algae was 80.43 and the optimal inhibitory concentration of ethyl 2-methylacetoacetate was 7 mg / L, and the removal rate of algae was 54.90%. The optimum concentration of copper sulfate is 1.5 mg / L and the removal rate of algae is 76.84%. The acute biotoxicity of five kinds of fungicides to koi was determined. The 96hLC50 and the maximum death free concentration of koi were determined to be 6.33 mg/L,5 mg/L;3.67 mg/L,2 mg/L; 0.83 mg/L,0.25 mg/L;, respectively. 20 mg/L,19 mg/L;3.29 mg/L,2 mg/L. The single factor and response surface experiments of ultrasonic wave on the removal of microcystis aeruginosa were studied. The single factor experiment of instant algal removal determined that the optimum parameter conditions were irradiation time 20-60 min, frequency 20kHz, power 60W. The expression of fitted second order mathematical model is obtained by response surface experiment. According to the fitting results, when the frequency is 20 kHz, the power is 58.67 W, and the irradiation time is 58.03min, the removal rate of instant algae has the maximum value of 17.58. Then ultrasonic wave was used to inhibit the growth of microcystis aeruginosa. The optimal parameter range of irradiation time 20-60 min, power 60 W and power 50-80kH was determined by single factor experiment. A mathematical model for the inhibition of microcystis aeruginosa growth by ultrasonic wave was established by response surface experiment. When the predicted frequency was 74.47 kHz, the power was 53.65 ws and the irradiation time was 54.17min, the inhibition rate of microcystis aeruginosa was 85.14%. After the laboratory experiment was completed, a pilot test of glutaraldehyde, a chemical algae-suppressant, was carried out in the field. The results showed that glutaraldehyde had a good ability to remove algae from microcystis aeruginosa. The maximum removal rate of chlorophyll a and microcystis aeruginosa was 61.4 and 55, respectively. A pilot experiment was carried out on the spot to remove algae and inhibit algae by ultrasonic wave. The results showed that ultrasound could remove and inhibit microcystis aeruginosa. The maximum removal rate of algae reached 53.73%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X52

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本文編號：2399340