【摘要】：隨著人們對(duì)人類生存環(huán)境的日益重視,加強(qiáng)環(huán)境保護(hù),推行節(jié)能減排成為了廣大生產(chǎn)企業(yè)不可逾越的紅線,也是企業(yè)應(yīng)該承擔(dān)的一份社會(huì)責(zé)任。鋼材作為一種重要的金屬材料,在各行各業(yè)得到廣泛應(yīng)用。目前我國(guó)鋼鐵行業(yè)存在能耗大,污染物排放量高,固體廢物產(chǎn)生量多等環(huán)境問題。尤其是鋼鐵企業(yè)的酸洗工序,在利用硫酸,鹽酸或者硫酸、鹽酸、氫氟酸混合配成的酸洗液,對(duì)鋼材表面附著的氧化鐵皮進(jìn)行酸洗后,酸洗廢液大多采用中和法處理,即加入氫氧化鈣中和,最終形成大量的外排泥餅廢渣和廢水。該處理方法需要消耗大量的酸、堿、氫氧化鈣和絮凝劑等原材料；中和處理后產(chǎn)生的廢渣體積大、含水量高、廢水多,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)無害化處理比較困難,處理成本也很高,給環(huán)境造成了嚴(yán)重的二次污染。近來,由于酸洗工藝和廢鹽酸再生技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,以及鹽酸酸洗速率較高,酸洗后的鋼材表面銀亮、平滑、潔凈,化學(xué)酸損少等特點(diǎn),鹽酸酸洗工藝和其配套的廢鹽酸再生技術(shù)一流化床法或噴霧焙燒法已經(jīng)在各大鋼鐵企業(yè)普遍使用。采用產(chǎn)品在生產(chǎn)、使用、報(bào)廢和原材料等生命周期過程中的環(huán)境負(fù)荷和影響來確定產(chǎn)品環(huán)境性能已廣受關(guān)注。鋼鐵酸洗的生命周期評(píng)價(jià)是對(duì)鋼鐵酸洗后廢酸液處理過程分析其潛在環(huán)境影響的技術(shù)。本文以大連某特殊鋼公司為例,主要采用生命周期評(píng)價(jià)方法,以GaBi 5.0軟件為平臺(tái),對(duì)流化床法和噴霧焙燒法分別再生9.5kg鹽酸進(jìn)行了生命周期清單分析,計(jì)算兩種工藝的水、電、煤氣等資源消耗和全球變暖、富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化、酸化、人體制毒性等環(huán)境影響。通過分析比較,選擇噴霧焙燒法的廢酸處理工藝。達(dá)到改進(jìn)工藝技術(shù),設(shè)備設(shè)施改造,強(qiáng)化管理等清潔生產(chǎn)手段,避免非再生資源過度消耗,使再生資源保持再生產(chǎn)能力；減少污染物的產(chǎn)生量和排放量,滿足經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要和人們對(duì)良好生活環(huán)境的渴求,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展和綠色生產(chǎn)的目的。
[Abstract]:As people pay more and more attention to human living environment, strengthening environmental protection and promoting energy saving and emission reduction has become an insurmountable red line for the majority of production enterprises, and it is also a social responsibility that enterprises should undertake. As an important metal material, steel has been widely used in various industries. At present, the iron and steel industry in our country has many environmental problems, such as high energy consumption, high pollutant emission and high solid waste production. In particular, in the acid washing process of iron and steel enterprises, after the acid washing liquid mixed with sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid is used to pickle the iron oxide sheet attached to the steel surface, the acid pickling waste liquid is mostly treated by neutralization method. That is, adding calcium hydroxide neutralization, resulting in a large amount of sludge cake waste and waste water. This process needs to consume a lot of raw materials such as acid, alkali, calcium hydroxide and flocculant. The waste residue produced by neutralization treatment is large in volume, high in water content and abundant in wastewater. It is difficult to realize harmless treatment at last, and the cost of treatment is very high, which has caused serious secondary pollution to the environment. Recently, due to the progress of acid pickling process and waste hydrochloric acid regeneration technology, as well as the high rate of acid pickling, the surface of steel after acid washing is bright, smooth, clean and has less chemical acid loss, etc. Hydrochloric acid pickling process and its associated waste hydrochloric acid regeneration technology fluidized bed method or spray roasting process have been widely used in various iron and steel enterprises. The environmental load and influence of product in production, use, scrap and raw material life cycle to determine the environmental performance of the product has been paid more and more attention. The life cycle evaluation of iron and steel pickling is a technique to analyze the potential environmental impact of waste acid solution after iron and steel pickling. Taking a special steel company in Dalian as an example, the life cycle inventory analysis of regenerating 9.5kg hydrochloric acid by fluidized bed method and spray roasting method was carried out on the platform of GaBi 5.0 software. The environmental effects such as water, electricity and gas consumption and global warming, eutrophication, acidification, human toxicity and so on are calculated. Through analysis and comparison, the technology of treating waste acid by spray roasting was selected. To improve the process technology, equipment and facilities transformation, strengthen management and other cleaner production means, to avoid excessive consumption of non-renewable resources, so that renewable resources to maintain the ability of reproduction; The aim of sustainable development and green production can be achieved by reducing the amount and discharge of pollutants, satisfying the needs of economic development and people's yearning for a good living environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X757

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