【摘要】：典型工業(yè)區(qū)排放的廢水中含有不同種類的有機(jī)污染物,嚴(yán)重危害生態(tài)環(huán)境和人類健康。這些復(fù)雜的污染成分能夠在環(huán)境中相互作用,并發(fā)生形態(tài)和結(jié)構(gòu)改變,因而單一的化學(xué)分析方法很難對它們的綜合環(huán)境效應(yīng)進(jìn)行評價。為了保護(hù)環(huán)境和生態(tài)系統(tǒng),需要對水體進(jìn)行基于生物毒性效應(yīng)指標(biāo)的評估與管理。本論文針對工業(yè)區(qū)水體毒性監(jiān)管中樣品采集、內(nèi)分泌干擾性評價等方面存在的問題,展開如下研究。針對工業(yè)區(qū)水體中污染物采樣的過程,傳統(tǒng)采樣方法在污染物濃度較低時無法及時有效的采集到污染信息。本文制作了基于時間權(quán)重濃度的極性一體化被動采樣器(POCIS)來對水中的污染物進(jìn)行采樣,并通過實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究對采樣器進(jìn)行了校核及優(yōu)化。研究表明,基于HLB吸附劑的被動采樣器,顯示出良好的采樣線性;溫度從4℃到25℃時,POCIS對壬基酚、莠去津、四溴雙酚A(TBBPA)的采集速率分別提高了37.8%,27.7%,和28.9%;鹽度增加使POCIS對莠去津的采樣效率增加1.53倍,對壬基酚和TBBPA的影響不顯著;POCIS對莠去津的采樣速率在酸性條件和堿性條件下比中性條件下分別低19.3%和33.7%;增加水的攪拌程度,莠去津的采集質(zhì)量為靜止下的2.35倍,四溴雙酚A是1.83倍,壬基酚是1.76倍。采樣器可用于污染物質(zhì)的現(xiàn)場被動采樣。針對內(nèi)分泌污染物的檢測存在成本高昂的缺點(diǎn),本文對基于植酸酶報(bào)告基因的重組Arxula Adeninivorans酵母檢測內(nèi)分泌干擾性的方法進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。以麥芽糖為碳源時,植酸酶報(bào)告基因具有較好的表達(dá)活性;酵母菌與待測溶液接觸的初始菌液濃度為OD630=2時,檢測結(jié)果更穩(wěn)定;酵母菌與待測液接觸時間為16 h-24 h時,報(bào)告基因表達(dá)量與17β-雌二醇濃度呈較好的線性關(guān)系;酶反應(yīng)的最佳時間為(70±5)min�；谠摶钚詸z測體系,17β-雌二醇的EC50是83.80 ng/L。壬基酚的EC50為624.83μg/L,而雙酚A的EC50為327.68μg/L。將被動采樣和植酸酶報(bào)告基因重組酵母法應(yīng)用于典型工業(yè)區(qū)水體內(nèi)分泌干擾性評價。首先,以17β-雌二醇為目標(biāo)污染物質(zhì),在實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下對POCIS針對內(nèi)分泌干擾物的采樣特性進(jìn)行校核:溫度從4℃到35℃,采樣速率提高37%;轉(zhuǎn)子在高攪拌速度下采樣速率達(dá)到低攪拌速率的4倍;鹽度和pH對采樣速率影響不顯著。最后將此方法現(xiàn)場校核,采樣速率Rs為0.25 L/d。用于受納典型工業(yè)區(qū)排水的龍崗河的內(nèi)分泌干擾活性篩查,發(fā)現(xiàn)龍崗河的內(nèi)分泌干擾活性水平相當(dāng)于3.1 ng/L的17β-雌二醇。結(jié)果表明可以將被動采樣技術(shù)與基因重組酵母法結(jié)合,綜合評價環(huán)境水體內(nèi)分泌干擾性的生物效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:The waste water discharged from typical industrial areas contains different kinds of organic pollutants, which seriously endangers the ecological environment and human health. These complex contaminants can interact with each other in the environment and undergo morphological and structural changes. Therefore, it is difficult for a single chemical analysis method to evaluate their comprehensive environmental effects. In order to protect the environment and ecosystem, it is necessary to evaluate and manage the water body based on the biotoxicity index. This paper aims at the problems of sample collection and endocrine disturbance evaluation in the water toxicity supervision of industrial area, and carries out the following research. In view of the sampling process of pollutants in industrial area, the traditional sampling method can not collect the pollution information in time and effectively when the concentration of pollutants is low. In this paper, a polarity integrated passive sampler (POCIS) based on time weight concentration is made to sample pollutants in water, and the sampler is checked and optimized through laboratory research. The research shows that the passive sampler based on HLB adsorbent shows good sampling linearity. From 4 鈩，

本文編號：2391296