浮游藻類對POPs的吸附降解及其生理生態(tài)響應研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-15 04:51
【摘要】：持久性有機污染物(Persistent organic pollutants, POPs)和富營養(yǎng)化(eutrophication)是湖泊水體普遍面臨的兩大主要環(huán)境問題。富營養(yǎng)化帶來的最明顯的環(huán)境效應就是浮游藻類的大量繁殖,POPs的加入則會改變浮游藻類原本的生存環(huán)境,因此藻類的生長繁殖和生理機制必定會做出相應的改變。同時,POPs的親脂疏水特性會使得這類污染物一旦進入到水體后亦極易被浮游藻體內(nèi)的有機質所吸收,從而改變POPs在環(huán)境中的分布歸趨。作為湖泊生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中最重要的初級生產(chǎn)者,浮游藻體一旦吸附了POPs之后再被更高一級的營養(yǎng)級作為能量和食物來源吸食,便會導致POPs的生物富集和生物放大效應,從而對水生生物產(chǎn)生嚴重危害。由此看來,浮游藻類是富營養(yǎng)化過程的結束點,同時也是POPs進行食物鏈傳遞的起點,因此,其可以看作是建立富營養(yǎng)化和POPs污染之間相互關系的節(jié)點和紐帶。本文根據(jù)我國湖泊富營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)下的優(yōu)勢浮游藻種(銅綠微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、斜生柵藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)和隱藻(Cryptomonas sp.)為載體,選取環(huán)境中典型POPs污染物質：菲(Phenanthrene)和αl-硫丹(a-Endosulfan)為目標物,通過室內(nèi)模擬實驗闡明浮游藻類與POPs污染的雙向作用機制,豐富了對富營養(yǎng)化湖泊中POPs環(huán)境過程的認識,為湖泊POPs的污染控制提供理論依據(jù)。主要研究成果有如下幾個方面：(1)研究菲與α-硫丹對銅綠微囊藻、斜生柵藻和隱藻的生長影響效應。結果表明：不同的污染物濃度對微藻產(chǎn)生了促進生長的興奮效應模式和抑制生長的毒性效應模式,這種生長影響差異受到污染物品種和微藻種類差異影響,同時也與作用時間和作用濃度有關。低濃度的菲與α-硫丹對浮游藻類的生長產(chǎn)生了明顯的促進作用,高濃度則有所抑制。菲對浮游藻類的生長刺激作用高于a-硫丹,兩種污染物復合時的促進作用比單個化合物刺激時弱；斜生柵藻是最易被促進生長的藻種,其次為銅綠微囊藻,隱藻被刺激生長的反應則最弱。(2)探明浮游藻體的生理機制光合特性在菲與a-硫丹的外界刺激下發(fā)生的應激改變。當藻類生長環(huán)境受到威脅或改變時,其體內(nèi)的最大和實際的光能轉換率(Fv/Fm與Yield)也會隨之發(fā)生變化并反映迅速：低濃度的菲與a-硫丹提高了微藻的最大和實際的光能轉換率,其光合作用能力增強,高濃度則相反。斜生柵藻的光能轉換率受影響增幅最大,其次為隱藻,而銅綠微囊藻相對最小。菲對藻體光合作用的提高要優(yōu)于α-硫丹。浮游藻類的生長情況與光合作用變化顯著相關,菲與α-硫丹通過提高浮游藻類的光合作用能力,影響藻體的生理機制發(fā)展,從而影響藻細胞的生長繁殖。(3)明確浮游微藻種類差異對目標污染物菲與α[-硫丹的差異吸附吸收和降解能力。結果表明：浮游藻類對水體中的菲與a-硫丹均有較強的吸附吸收作用和一定的降解能力。其中,銅綠微囊藻和斜生柵藻表現(xiàn)出較快的胞外吸附(Extracellular absorption)污染物速率,而隱藻則是在中期階段對污染物在胞體內(nèi)的吸收容量(Intracellular absorption)更多,這與隱藻細胞內(nèi)較高的脂質含量有關。降解污染物方面,斜生柵藻對菲與α-硫丹同時表現(xiàn)出了最強的降解能力,但其對復合污染物的降解能力要低于對單個化合物的降解；而隱藻則能更好的降解復合污染物,且其對α-硫丹和低濃度的菲的降解率優(yōu)于銅綠微囊藻,而高濃度的菲作用下,情況剛好相反�？偟膩碚f,藻體對污染物的降解能力隨培養(yǎng)時間延長而逐漸升高,藻生物量越多以及后期死亡藻體數(shù)量越大越有利于浮游藻類對污染物的降解。
[Abstract]:Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and eutrophic (Eutrophication) are two major environmental problems in lake water. The most obvious environmental effect brought by the eutrophication is the large number of planktonic algae, and the addition of the POPs can change the original living environment of the planktonic algae, so the growth and reproduction and the physiological mechanism of the algae are bound to make corresponding changes. At the same time, the lipophilicity and hydrophobic character of the POPs can be easily absorbed by the organic matter in the floating algae after the pollutant enters into the water body, thereby changing the distribution of the POPs in the environment. As the most important primary producer in the lake ecosystem, the floating algae can be used as energy and food source once the POPs are adsorbed, thus leading to the biological enrichment and the biological amplification effect of the POPs, thereby causing serious harm to the aquatic organism. As a result, the planktonic algae is the end point of the eutrophication process, and it is the starting point for the transfer of the food chain, so it can be regarded as a node and a link to establish the relationship between the eutrophication and the POPs pollution. This paper is based on the dominant algae species (Microcystis aeruginosa), Scenedesmus obliqueus and Cryptomonas sp. in the rich nutrition state of the lake in China.) The two-way action mechanism of the pollution of the planktonic algae and the POPs in the eutrophic lake is clarified by the indoor simulation experiment as the carrier, and the two-way action mechanism of the pollution of the planktonic algae and the POPs is clarified through the indoor simulation experiment, and the realization of the POPs environment process in the eutrophic lake is enriched, and provides a theoretical basis for the pollution control of the lake POPs. The main results of this study were as follows: (1) The effects of phenanthrene and sulfur-sulfur on the growth of microcystis aeruginosa, aslant and cryptoalgae were studied. The results showed that the different concentrations of pollutants had the effect of stimulating the growth of the microalga, and the effect of inhibiting the growth, which was influenced by the difference of the species of the pollutants and the species of the micro-algae, and also related to the time of action and the concentration of the action. The low concentration of phenanthrene and sulfur-sulfur can promote the growth of the planktonic algae, and the high concentration is inhibited. The effect of phenanthrene on the growth of planktonic algae is higher than that of a-sultan, and the promoting effect of the two pollutants is weaker than that of a single compound. (2) The physiological mechanism of the planktonic algae was found to change with the external stimuli of a-sultan. When the algae growth environment is threatened or changed, the maximum and actual photoenergy conversion rate (Fv/ Fm and yield) in the algae can also change and reflect the rapid: the low-concentration of the field of field and a-sulfur can increase the maximum and practical light energy conversion rate of the microalga, and the photosynthesis capacity of the algae is enhanced, the high concentration is the opposite. The light energy conversion rate of the oblique-green algae is the largest, followed by cryptococcus, and the microcystis aeruginosa is relatively minimal. The improvement of the photosynthesis of the algae is better than that of sulfur-sulfur. The growth of planktonic algae is related to the change of photosynthesis, and the growth and propagation of the algae cells are affected by increasing the photosynthetic capacity of the planktonic algae and the physiological mechanism of the algae. and (3) the difference of the species of the planktonic microalga on the difference of the species of the floating micro-algae on the adsorption and the degradation ability of the target pollutant phenanthrene and the arsenic[-sultan]. The results showed that the floating algae had a strong adsorption and absorption effect and a certain degradation ability to both the phenanthrene and a-sultan in the water. Among them, the microcystis aeruginosa and the oblique-grid algae exhibit a faster rate of extracellular absorption, while the cryptoalgae is more intensive to the absorption capacity of the pollutants in the cell at the medium-term stage, which is related to the higher lipid content in the cryptoalgae cells. in that aspect of the degradation of the pollutant, the oblique generation grid algae exhibit the strongest degradation capability at the same time, but the degradation ability of the compound pollutant is lower than the degradation of the single compound; and the cryptoalgae can better degrade the compound pollutant, and the degradation rate of the phenanthrene and the low-concentration phenanthrene is better than that of the microcystin, and the condition of the high-concentration phenanthrene is just the opposite. In general, the degradation ability of the algae to the pollutant gradually increases with the time of culture, the more the algae biomass and the higher the number of the late-dead algae, the more beneficial to the degradation of the planktonic algae on the contaminants.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X524;X173
本文編號：2380012
[Abstract]:Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and eutrophic (Eutrophication) are two major environmental problems in lake water. The most obvious environmental effect brought by the eutrophication is the large number of planktonic algae, and the addition of the POPs can change the original living environment of the planktonic algae, so the growth and reproduction and the physiological mechanism of the algae are bound to make corresponding changes. At the same time, the lipophilicity and hydrophobic character of the POPs can be easily absorbed by the organic matter in the floating algae after the pollutant enters into the water body, thereby changing the distribution of the POPs in the environment. As the most important primary producer in the lake ecosystem, the floating algae can be used as energy and food source once the POPs are adsorbed, thus leading to the biological enrichment and the biological amplification effect of the POPs, thereby causing serious harm to the aquatic organism. As a result, the planktonic algae is the end point of the eutrophication process, and it is the starting point for the transfer of the food chain, so it can be regarded as a node and a link to establish the relationship between the eutrophication and the POPs pollution. This paper is based on the dominant algae species (Microcystis aeruginosa), Scenedesmus obliqueus and Cryptomonas sp. in the rich nutrition state of the lake in China.) The two-way action mechanism of the pollution of the planktonic algae and the POPs in the eutrophic lake is clarified by the indoor simulation experiment as the carrier, and the two-way action mechanism of the pollution of the planktonic algae and the POPs is clarified through the indoor simulation experiment, and the realization of the POPs environment process in the eutrophic lake is enriched, and provides a theoretical basis for the pollution control of the lake POPs. The main results of this study were as follows: (1) The effects of phenanthrene and sulfur-sulfur on the growth of microcystis aeruginosa, aslant and cryptoalgae were studied. The results showed that the different concentrations of pollutants had the effect of stimulating the growth of the microalga, and the effect of inhibiting the growth, which was influenced by the difference of the species of the pollutants and the species of the micro-algae, and also related to the time of action and the concentration of the action. The low concentration of phenanthrene and sulfur-sulfur can promote the growth of the planktonic algae, and the high concentration is inhibited. The effect of phenanthrene on the growth of planktonic algae is higher than that of a-sultan, and the promoting effect of the two pollutants is weaker than that of a single compound. (2) The physiological mechanism of the planktonic algae was found to change with the external stimuli of a-sultan. When the algae growth environment is threatened or changed, the maximum and actual photoenergy conversion rate (Fv/ Fm and yield) in the algae can also change and reflect the rapid: the low-concentration of the field of field and a-sulfur can increase the maximum and practical light energy conversion rate of the microalga, and the photosynthesis capacity of the algae is enhanced, the high concentration is the opposite. The light energy conversion rate of the oblique-green algae is the largest, followed by cryptococcus, and the microcystis aeruginosa is relatively minimal. The improvement of the photosynthesis of the algae is better than that of sulfur-sulfur. The growth of planktonic algae is related to the change of photosynthesis, and the growth and propagation of the algae cells are affected by increasing the photosynthetic capacity of the planktonic algae and the physiological mechanism of the algae. and (3) the difference of the species of the planktonic microalga on the difference of the species of the floating micro-algae on the adsorption and the degradation ability of the target pollutant phenanthrene and the arsenic[-sultan]. The results showed that the floating algae had a strong adsorption and absorption effect and a certain degradation ability to both the phenanthrene and a-sultan in the water. Among them, the microcystis aeruginosa and the oblique-grid algae exhibit a faster rate of extracellular absorption, while the cryptoalgae is more intensive to the absorption capacity of the pollutants in the cell at the medium-term stage, which is related to the higher lipid content in the cryptoalgae cells. in that aspect of the degradation of the pollutant, the oblique generation grid algae exhibit the strongest degradation capability at the same time, but the degradation ability of the compound pollutant is lower than the degradation of the single compound; and the cryptoalgae can better degrade the compound pollutant, and the degradation rate of the phenanthrene and the low-concentration phenanthrene is better than that of the microcystin, and the condition of the high-concentration phenanthrene is just the opposite. In general, the degradation ability of the algae to the pollutant gradually increases with the time of culture, the more the algae biomass and the higher the number of the late-dead algae, the more beneficial to the degradation of the planktonic algae on the contaminants.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X524;X173
【參考文獻】
相關期刊論文 前1條
1 王亞椺;蔡亞岐;江桂斌;;斯德哥爾摩公約新增持久性有機污染物的一些研究進展[J];中國科學:化學;2010年02期
，本文編號：2380012
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