【摘要】：本論文以生活剩余污泥為研究對(duì)象,針對(duì)污泥難水解和C/N失調(diào)導(dǎo)致厭氧消化時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化效率低的問(wèn)題,采用生物、物理預(yù)處理方法提高污泥中有機(jī)物的水解,通過(guò)調(diào)整C/N和接種高質(zhì)量的菌種來(lái)提高污泥厭氧消化時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)化率,此外通過(guò)重金屬和病原體兩項(xiàng)指標(biāo)評(píng)估了厭氧消化污泥的環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn),旨在為污泥的處理處置提供理論依據(jù)。本論文主要得到以下結(jié)果:(1)在兼性水解實(shí)驗(yàn)中,接種物可以提高污泥的水解效果。原污泥經(jīng)過(guò)接種后,VFAs和NH4+-N最高提高了965.3 mg/L和635.6 mg/L;滅菌污泥經(jīng)過(guò)接種后,VFAs和NH4+-N最高提高了2104.1 mg/L和700.6 mg/L。在厭氧消化實(shí)驗(yàn)中,接種經(jīng)油酸馴化的菌種較未接種污泥產(chǎn)氣率提高了20.5%。高壓均質(zhì)和超聲波預(yù)處理可以提高污泥有機(jī)物的溶出,高壓均質(zhì)和超聲波預(yù)處理后DDCOD分別為5.4%和2.0%,20 d污泥產(chǎn)氣量分別提高了57.5%和18.5%。(2)廢棄食用菌糠可以作為污泥的補(bǔ)充碳源,污泥經(jīng)超聲并投加食用菌糠浸提液進(jìn)行復(fù)合處理提高了污泥厭氧消化的轉(zhuǎn)化率。污泥投加杏鮑菇菌糠浸提液產(chǎn)氣量和VSR分別提高20.9%和17.7%。(3)根據(jù)重金屬總量、不穩(wěn)定態(tài)含量和遷移態(tài)含量,污泥中Ni、Cd應(yīng)作為優(yōu)先控制污染物。而21 d厭氧消化對(duì)重金屬形態(tài)分布影響不明顯,Pb、Hg主要以穩(wěn)定態(tài)存在,Ni、Cu、Cr、As主要以不穩(wěn)定態(tài)存在。重金屬浸出率最高不超過(guò)1%,無(wú)浸出毒性危害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。(4)21 d厭氧消化后細(xì)菌菌落總數(shù)降低了88.8%~94.7%,大腸菌群和糞大腸菌群菌落數(shù)下降率大于99%,沙門氏菌未檢出。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problem that the conversion efficiency of anaerobic digestion is low due to the difficult hydrolysis of sludge and the imbalance of C / N, the biological and physical pretreatment method is adopted to improve the hydrolysis of organic matter in sludge. By adjusting C / N and inoculating high quality bacteria, the conversion rate of sludge during anaerobic digestion was improved. In addition, the environmental risk of anaerobic digestion sludge was evaluated by heavy metal and pathogen. The purpose is to provide theoretical basis for sludge treatment and disposal. The main results are as follows: (1) in the facultative hydrolysis experiment, the inoculum can improve the hydrolysis effect of sludge. After inoculation, VFAs and NH4 N increased by 965.3 mg/L and 635.6 mg/L; respectively, and VFAs and NH4 N increased by 2104.1 mg/L and 700.6 mg/L. after inoculation. In the anaerobic digestion experiment, inoculation with oleic acid increased the rate of gas production by 20.5% compared with that of uninoculated sludge. High pressure homogenization and ultrasonic pretreatment could improve the dissolution of organic matter in sludge. The DDCOD of high pressure homogenization and ultrasonic pretreatment were 5.4% and 2.0%, respectively. The gas production of sludge increased by 57.5% and 18.5% respectively in 20 days. (2) the waste edible fungus bran could be used as a supplementary carbon source for sludge. The rate of anaerobic digestion of sludge was improved by ultrasonic treatment and mixed treatment of edible fungus bran extract. The gas production and VSR were increased by 20.9% and 17.7%, respectively. (3) according to the total amount of heavy metals, the content of unstable state and the content of migration, Ni,Cd in sludge should be regarded as the priority to control pollutants. However, 21 d anaerobic digestion had no obvious effect on the speciation distribution of heavy metals. Pb,Hg existed mainly in stable state, while Ni,Cu,Cr,As existed mainly in unstable state. The highest leaching rate of heavy metals was not more than 1, and there was no risk of toxicity. (4) after 21 days anaerobic digestion, the total number of bacterial colonies was decreased by 88.8C 94.7, and the decrease rate of coliform bacteria and fecal coliform colonies was more than 99g. Salmonella was not detected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X799.3

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