化學(xué)吸收法捕集二氧化碳工藝的模擬及實驗研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-11 09:38
【摘要】：溫室效應(yīng)引起的全球氣候變暖對人類賴以生存的地球環(huán)境日益構(gòu)成威脅�？刂谱钪饕臏厥覛怏w—CO2排放也逐漸成為學(xué)者們研究的熱點。盡管現(xiàn)階段化學(xué)吸收技術(shù)還有一定的缺點,但在所有燃燒后捕集CO2技術(shù)中,化學(xué)吸收法依然是最為成熟,也最有可能實現(xiàn)商業(yè)化以及工業(yè)化應(yīng)用的技術(shù)之一。本文利用化工流程模擬軟件Aspen Plus對化學(xué)吸收法捕集CO2工藝完成了以下三方面的工作：對氨水吸收劑脫除300MW燃煤電廠煙氣中的CO2工藝流程進行了系統(tǒng)的模擬；對氨水吸收劑與MEA吸收劑的吸收再生特性進行了比較；對蒸汽直接吹掃再生CO2系統(tǒng)進行了實驗及模擬工作。 通過使用氨水吸收劑模擬吸收300MW燃煤電廠模擬煙氣,分析吸收過程中貧液CO2負荷、流量、溫度,煙氣溫度,吸收塔高度等因素對吸收效果的影響；再生過程中富液溫度,再沸比,塔頂產(chǎn)品流率,冷凝溫度,再生壓力等因素對再生效果的影響；脫氨系統(tǒng)中脫氨吸收劑濃度,流量,負荷,壓力等對再生脫氨洗滌效果的影響。 比較了7wt%氨水吸收劑和30wt%MEA吸收劑在吸收速率,吸收容量,塔內(nèi)溫度分布等方面的特點。結(jié)果顯示,MEA吸收劑具有更高的吸收速率,較低的吸收容量。MEA吸收劑在吸收塔內(nèi)平均溫度比氨水吸收劑吸收塔內(nèi)平均溫度要高。同時對再生過程中,再沸器熱負荷,冷凝溫度以及再生壓力這三個重要的再生操作條件的比較,分析各自的再生特性,得出兩種吸收劑在再生過程中的能耗差異。 利用蒸汽直接吹掃再生CO2系統(tǒng),通過實驗及模擬過程分析了該工藝流程中蒸汽吹掃量,蒸汽的過熱度,富液入口溫度,再生壓力,填料種類這五大因素對CO2再生效果的影響。研究結(jié)果顯示,在這五大因素中,蒸汽吹掃量,富液入口溫度對CO2再生效果影響較為明顯。吹掃蒸汽過熱溫度對CO2再生效果沒有太大影響,而再生壓力對CO2再生量的影響在不同的蒸汽吹掃量下呈現(xiàn)出不同的趨勢2在MellaPak, Mellapak plus, SuperPak, CY, IMTP這五種填料中,CY填料性能表現(xiàn)最好。該工藝能夠有效降低再生能耗計算過程中汽化潛熱部分的能耗,其相比于傳統(tǒng)再生過程可以有效達到節(jié)能目的。在優(yōu)化的操作條件下,系統(tǒng)可以將CO2再生能耗降至3MJ/kgCO2以下。
[Abstract]:Global warming caused by Greenhouse Effect is increasingly threatening the Earth's environment on which human beings depend. Controlling the most important greenhouse gas-CO2 emissions has gradually become the focus of scholars. Although chemical absorption technology still has some disadvantages at present, chemical absorption method is still one of the most mature, commercial and industrialized technologies of all post-combustion capture CO2 technology. In this paper, the chemical process simulation software Aspen Plus has been used to accomplish the following three aspects of the chemical absorption capture CO2 process: systematic simulation of the ammonia absorbent removal of CO2 process from the flue gas of the 300MW coal-fired power plant; The absorption and regeneration characteristics of ammonia water absorbent and MEA absorbent were compared, and the experiment and simulation work of steam direct purging and regenerating CO2 system was carried out. By using ammonia water absorbent to simulate the absorption of flue gas from 300MW coal-fired power plant, the influence of CO2 load, flow rate, temperature, flue gas temperature, height of absorption tower on absorption effect was analyzed. The effects of rich liquid temperature, reboiling ratio, flow rate of tower top product, condensation temperature and regeneration pressure on regeneration efficiency, and the effects of concentration, flow rate, load and pressure of deamination absorbent on the effect of regenerated deamination washing. The characteristics of 7wt% ammonia water absorbent and 30wt%MEA absorbent in absorption rate, absorption capacity and temperature distribution in the tower were compared. The results show that MEA absorbent has higher absorption rate and lower absorption capacity, and the average temperature of MEA absorbent is higher than that of ammonia water absorber. At the same time, the heat load, condensation temperature and regeneration pressure of the reboiler are compared in the regeneration process, and their regeneration characteristics are analyzed, and the difference of energy consumption between the two absorbers in the regeneration process is obtained. The effects of steam blowing amount, steam superheat, rich liquid inlet temperature, regeneration pressure and packing type on the regeneration of CO2 were analyzed by means of experiments and simulation. The results show that, among the five factors, the influence of steam scavenging amount and rich liquid inlet temperature on the regeneration of CO2 is obvious. The superheating temperature of blowing steam has little effect on the regeneration efficiency of CO2, but the influence of regeneration pressure on the regeneration rate of CO2 shows different trends under different steam blowing amount. 2 in the five kinds of MellaPak, Mellapak plus, SuperPak, CY, IMTP fillers, The performance of CY filler is the best. This process can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the latent heat of vaporization in the calculation of regeneration energy consumption. Compared with the traditional regeneration process, the process can effectively achieve the purpose of energy saving. Under the optimized operating conditions, the energy consumption of CO2 regeneration can be reduced to less than 3MJ/kgCO2.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X701
本文編號：2372320
[Abstract]:Global warming caused by Greenhouse Effect is increasingly threatening the Earth's environment on which human beings depend. Controlling the most important greenhouse gas-CO2 emissions has gradually become the focus of scholars. Although chemical absorption technology still has some disadvantages at present, chemical absorption method is still one of the most mature, commercial and industrialized technologies of all post-combustion capture CO2 technology. In this paper, the chemical process simulation software Aspen Plus has been used to accomplish the following three aspects of the chemical absorption capture CO2 process: systematic simulation of the ammonia absorbent removal of CO2 process from the flue gas of the 300MW coal-fired power plant; The absorption and regeneration characteristics of ammonia water absorbent and MEA absorbent were compared, and the experiment and simulation work of steam direct purging and regenerating CO2 system was carried out. By using ammonia water absorbent to simulate the absorption of flue gas from 300MW coal-fired power plant, the influence of CO2 load, flow rate, temperature, flue gas temperature, height of absorption tower on absorption effect was analyzed. The effects of rich liquid temperature, reboiling ratio, flow rate of tower top product, condensation temperature and regeneration pressure on regeneration efficiency, and the effects of concentration, flow rate, load and pressure of deamination absorbent on the effect of regenerated deamination washing. The characteristics of 7wt% ammonia water absorbent and 30wt%MEA absorbent in absorption rate, absorption capacity and temperature distribution in the tower were compared. The results show that MEA absorbent has higher absorption rate and lower absorption capacity, and the average temperature of MEA absorbent is higher than that of ammonia water absorber. At the same time, the heat load, condensation temperature and regeneration pressure of the reboiler are compared in the regeneration process, and their regeneration characteristics are analyzed, and the difference of energy consumption between the two absorbers in the regeneration process is obtained. The effects of steam blowing amount, steam superheat, rich liquid inlet temperature, regeneration pressure and packing type on the regeneration of CO2 were analyzed by means of experiments and simulation. The results show that, among the five factors, the influence of steam scavenging amount and rich liquid inlet temperature on the regeneration of CO2 is obvious. The superheating temperature of blowing steam has little effect on the regeneration efficiency of CO2, but the influence of regeneration pressure on the regeneration rate of CO2 shows different trends under different steam blowing amount. 2 in the five kinds of MellaPak, Mellapak plus, SuperPak, CY, IMTP fillers, The performance of CY filler is the best. This process can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the latent heat of vaporization in the calculation of regeneration energy consumption. Compared with the traditional regeneration process, the process can effectively achieve the purpose of energy saving. Under the optimized operating conditions, the energy consumption of CO2 regeneration can be reduced to less than 3MJ/kgCO2.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X701
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