發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-25 17:49

【摘要】：生物滯留池是最具代表的低影響開發(fā)和面源控制技術(shù)之一,淹沒區(qū)的設(shè)置直接影響了生物滯留池的脫氮效果,而含氮污染物的削減已經(jīng)成為地表水環(huán)境達(dá)標(biāo)的控制性指標(biāo)之一,開展生物滯留池淹沒區(qū)的設(shè)計(jì)及運(yùn)行研究對(duì)該技術(shù)的推廣應(yīng)用和含氮污染物削減工程的實(shí)施具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文試驗(yàn)研究了生物滯留池的填料高度、水力停留時(shí)間、干濕交替運(yùn)行、降雨強(qiáng)度及淹沒區(qū)和碳源等因素對(duì)污染物去除的影響,比選出優(yōu)化脫氮的技術(shù)參數(shù),并通過高通量測(cè)序分析生物滯留池內(nèi)微生物種群結(jié)構(gòu),解釋了高效脫氮機(jī)理,主要工作及結(jié)論如下：1、以TN去除為目標(biāo),同時(shí)兼顧了TP、NH4+-和TSS的去除率,試驗(yàn)分析了生物滯留池的填料高度和水力停留時(shí)間的影響,結(jié)果表明：相對(duì)較優(yōu)的運(yùn)行參數(shù)是填料高度為800mm,水力停留時(shí)間為5h,此時(shí)對(duì)TN、TP、NH4+-N、TSS的去除率分別為42%、85%、85%、93%。2、試驗(yàn)分析了生物滯留池淹沒區(qū)高度和有無碳源對(duì)脫氮效果的影響,結(jié)果表明：隨著淹沒區(qū)高度的增加,對(duì)NH+4+-N的去除率降低,對(duì)NO3--N和TN的去除率增加；當(dāng)淹沒區(qū)高度為450mm,并且添加廢報(bào)紙作為碳源時(shí),對(duì)NH4+-N、N03-N、TN的去除率分別達(dá)到73%、68%、50%。3、試驗(yàn)研究了生物滯留池經(jīng)歷不同干旱長(zhǎng)度(1周、2周、3周、7周)后對(duì)N類污染物去除效果的影響：有淹沒區(qū)的生物滯留池對(duì)TN的去除率更高并且濕潤(rùn)后脫氮性能迅速恢復(fù),干旱三周時(shí),TN去除率可達(dá)29%至35%,且脫氮性能在進(jìn)水后快速恢復(fù)：當(dāng)控制一周至三周的干旱長(zhǎng)度時(shí),不僅能保證有淹沒區(qū)但無碳源的生物滯留池在恢復(fù)濕潤(rùn)時(shí)對(duì)TN的去除效果,而且TN去除率在進(jìn)水之后可由39%升高至56%。4、試驗(yàn)?zāi)M了大、中、小不同降雨強(qiáng)度對(duì)生物滯留池污染物的去除效果。結(jié)果表明：與無淹沒區(qū)的生物滯留池相比較,有淹沒區(qū)的生物滯留池對(duì)TP和NH4+-N的去除率較高,但對(duì)TSS的去除率較低；在任何降雨強(qiáng)度下,有淹沒區(qū)和碳源的生物滯留池對(duì)TN和NO3--N的去除率均是較高。5、對(duì)生物滯留池的上層(-50mm～300mm)和下層(-400--650mm)填料的微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行高通量測(cè)序分析：上層填料的優(yōu)勢(shì)菌種主要為異養(yǎng)好氧菌,能夠氧化分解有機(jī)物,下層填料的優(yōu)勢(shì)菌種主要是TM7類群,根據(jù)N的沿程變化分析可知NO3--N的去除主要發(fā)生在下層填料中。本文試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果可以指導(dǎo)生物滯留池的設(shè)計(jì)及運(yùn)行,特別是淹沒區(qū)的設(shè)計(jì)。
[Abstract]:Biological retention pool is one of the most representative low-impact development and non-point source control techniques. The setting of submerged area has a direct impact on the nitrogen removal effect of biological detention pool, and the reduction of nitrogen-containing pollutants has become one of the control indexes of surface water environment. The research on the design and operation of the submerged area of biological detention ponds is of great practical significance for the popularization and application of the technology and the implementation of the nitrogen pollutant reduction project. In this paper, the effects of packing height, hydraulic retention time, dry and wet alternate operation, rainfall intensity, inundated area and carbon source on pollutant removal were studied. The high throughput sequencing was used to analyze the microbial population structure and explain the mechanism of high efficiency denitrification. The main work and conclusions were as follows: 1. The removal rate of TN and TP,NH4-and TSS were taken into account at the same time. The effects of packing height and hydraulic retention time on the filling height and hydraulic retention time of the biological detention tank were analyzed. The results showed that the relatively optimal operating parameters were the packing height of 800mm and the hydraulic retention time of 5 h, and the optimum operation parameters were as follows: the packing height was 800mm and the hydraulic retention time was 5 h. The removal rates of TSS were 42 / 8510 / 93.2. the effects of the height of the inundated area and the presence of carbon sources on the denitrification effect were analyzed. The results showed that the height of the inundated area increased with the increase of the height of the inundated area. The removal rate of NH 4-N decreased, and the removal efficiency of NO3--N and TN increased. When the height of inundated area was 450 mm, and waste newspaper was added as carbon source, the removal rate of TN from N03-NN reached 73% and 68th and 50.3. the biological detention tank experienced different drought lengths (1 week, 2 weeks). After 3 weeks and 7 weeks of drought, the removal rate of TN was higher and the removal rate of TN could reach 29% to 35% after 3 weeks of drought. And the denitrification performance recovered quickly after the influent: when the drought length of one to three weeks was controlled, the removal effect of TN could be ensured not only in the submerged area but without carbon source, but also in the biological retention tank without carbon source. The removal rate of TN can be increased from 39% to 56. 4 after influent. The experiment simulates the effect of large, medium and small rainfall intensity on the removal of pollutants in the biological detention tank. The results showed that the removal rate of TP and NH4-N in the submerged area was higher than that in the submerged area, but the removal rate of TSS was lower. Under any rainfall intensity, the removal rates of TN and NO3--N in the submerged area and the biological retention pool with carbon source were higher than those in the control group. The microbial community structure of the upper (- 50mm~300mm) and the lower (- 400--650mm) fillers in the biological retention tank was analyzed by high throughput sequencing. The dominant bacteria in the upper packing were heterotrophic aerobic bacteria, which could oxidize and decompose organic matter. According to the analysis of the variation of N along the path, the removal of NO3--N occurred mainly in the lower packing. The experimental results can guide the design and operation of biological detention tank, especially the design of submerged area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703

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