季節(jié)和工藝影響城市污水廠除污染效能及成本分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-25 16:58
【摘要】：很多因素都能影響污水處理的效果,處理水平是由多種因素相互制約共同作用決定的,因此,對污水處理廠進水參數的變化及規(guī)律深入研究至關重要。建設城市污水處理工程主旨在保護環(huán)境和為人民謀福,而良好的管理和運營是實現污水處理達標排放的關鍵。然而,污水處理廠的水質、水量、水溫等指標受季節(jié)影響變化很大,這些參數的變化直接關系著污水處理廠的穩(wěn)定運轉,本課題研究意義是通過優(yōu)化污水處理廠的運行,以期提高污水的去除效率,降低污水的處理成本。 本文以北方城市大連某水廠的實際運行數據為依據,首先分析了季節(jié)變化對各污染物指標去除效果的變化規(guī)律,同時探討季節(jié)變化對電耗量、污泥處置費用和藥劑費用等運行成本的影響；此外通過對比三種常用的不同生化處理工藝,討論工藝的選擇對污水處理廠處理效果和運行成本的優(yōu)勢。本課題的研究,可以根據季節(jié)進行調整,在保證處理效果的前提下降低污水處理廠的成本,為即將建設水廠的工藝選擇提出建議。 研究結果表明,季節(jié)變化會引起包括進水水質、水溫等在內的一系列運行控制參數的變化,最顯著的是對處理水量的影響,最大和最小處理量分別出現在夏季的7月和春季的4月。分析出水COD、SS和TP等污染物指標的變化規(guī)律,季節(jié)變化對其影響不大,但對出水氨氮的影響很大。運行費用中,耗電量、藥劑費和污泥處置費用受季節(jié)影響較大,噸水電耗和藥劑用量在夏季時較低,但由于夏季總處理水量較大,所以夏季時,總的用電費用和藥劑費和污泥處置費較高,冬季時電耗也較高。 通過比較不同的生物處理技術對生活污水處理效果的差別,COD、BOD、SS和TP差異性較小,均能實現達標排放,與其他兩種工藝比較,在對COD和BOD的去除方面A/O工藝效果略優(yōu)。而對氨氮和TN的去除方面,具有脫氮功能的A/O工藝的TN去除率明顯優(yōu)于其他工藝。在不同工藝對能耗影響的對比中, BAF工藝噸水電耗和去除公斤COD電耗分別為0.20和0.82KW·h,低于A/O工藝和CAST工藝,說明生物膜法較活性污泥法在運行能耗方面,有一定的優(yōu)勢。在污泥處理費用方面,自身具有脫氮除磷功能不需要通過化學除磷的工藝,總的污泥量較少,同時在保證污泥活性和處理效果的前提下,污泥齡較長的處理工藝,如A/O工藝,污泥產率較低,污泥處理費用省。 在污水處理廠的運行管理中,通過管理和控制措施可以強化處理效果,并有效的降低污水處理廠的運行費用,具體途徑包括對污泥處置的優(yōu)化和利用、工藝的優(yōu)化和改進、用電設備的控制與管理、材料的更新和替代等。
[Abstract]:Many factors can affect the effect of sewage treatment, and the treatment level is determined by the mutual restriction of many factors. Therefore, it is very important to study the variation and regularity of influent parameters in sewage treatment plant. The purpose of urban sewage treatment project is to protect the environment and benefit the people, and good management and operation is the key to realize the discharge standard of sewage treatment. However, the water quality, water quantity, water temperature and other indexes of sewage treatment plant vary greatly by seasons. The change of these parameters is directly related to the stable operation of sewage treatment plant. The significance of this research is to optimize the operation of sewage treatment plant. In order to improve the efficiency of sewage removal, reduce the cost of sewage treatment. Based on the actual operation data of a water plant in the northern city of Dalian, this paper first analyzes the changing law of the seasonal variation on the removal effect of each pollutant index, and probes into the seasonal variation to the power consumption. The influence of sludge disposal cost and agent cost on the operation cost; In addition, by comparing three kinds of commonly used biochemical treatment processes, the advantages of process selection to the treatment effect and operation cost of sewage treatment plant are discussed. The research of this subject can adjust according to the season, reduce the cost of the sewage treatment plant under the premise of ensuring the treatment effect, and put forward the suggestion for the process selection of the water plant to be built soon. The results show that seasonal variation will cause changes in a series of operation control parameters, including water quality and water temperature, and the most significant change is the effect on the treated water quantity. The maximum and minimum processing capacity occurred in July in summer and April in spring respectively. The changes of pollutants such as COD,SS and TP in water were analyzed. The seasonal change had little effect on it, but it had a great effect on ammonia nitrogen in effluent. In the operation cost, the consumption of electricity, the charge of reagents and the cost of sludge disposal are greatly affected by the seasons, and the consumption of electricity per ton and the dosage of the chemicals are lower in summer, but because of the large amount of water treated in summer, the total amount of water treated in summer is large, so in summer, The total cost of electricity, the charge of medicament and the cost of sludge disposal are higher, and the power consumption is higher in winter. By comparing the effects of different biological treatment technologies on domestic sewage treatment, the difference between COD,BOD,SS and TP is small, both of them can reach the standard of discharge, compared with the other two processes, In the removal of COD and BOD, the effect of A / O process is slightly better. On the other hand, the removal rate of TN in A- / O process with denitrification is better than that in other processes. In the comparison of the effects of different processes on energy consumption, the power consumption of BAF process is 0.20 and 0.82KW / h respectively, which is lower than that of A- / O process and CAST process, indicating that biofilm process is more efficient than activated sludge process in operating energy consumption. Have a certain advantage. In the aspect of sludge treatment cost, its own nitrogen and phosphorus removal function does not need the chemical phosphorus removal process, the total sludge quantity is less, at the same time, under the premise of ensuring the sludge activity and treatment effect, the sludge age is longer. For example, the rate of sludge production is low and the cost of sludge treatment is low. In the operation and management of sewage treatment plant, the treatment effect can be strengthened through management and control measures, and the operation cost of sewage treatment plant can be reduced effectively. The specific ways include the optimization and utilization of sludge disposal, the optimization and improvement of process. Control and management of electrical equipment, update and replace of materials, etc.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703
本文編號：2356820
[Abstract]:Many factors can affect the effect of sewage treatment, and the treatment level is determined by the mutual restriction of many factors. Therefore, it is very important to study the variation and regularity of influent parameters in sewage treatment plant. The purpose of urban sewage treatment project is to protect the environment and benefit the people, and good management and operation is the key to realize the discharge standard of sewage treatment. However, the water quality, water quantity, water temperature and other indexes of sewage treatment plant vary greatly by seasons. The change of these parameters is directly related to the stable operation of sewage treatment plant. The significance of this research is to optimize the operation of sewage treatment plant. In order to improve the efficiency of sewage removal, reduce the cost of sewage treatment. Based on the actual operation data of a water plant in the northern city of Dalian, this paper first analyzes the changing law of the seasonal variation on the removal effect of each pollutant index, and probes into the seasonal variation to the power consumption. The influence of sludge disposal cost and agent cost on the operation cost; In addition, by comparing three kinds of commonly used biochemical treatment processes, the advantages of process selection to the treatment effect and operation cost of sewage treatment plant are discussed. The research of this subject can adjust according to the season, reduce the cost of the sewage treatment plant under the premise of ensuring the treatment effect, and put forward the suggestion for the process selection of the water plant to be built soon. The results show that seasonal variation will cause changes in a series of operation control parameters, including water quality and water temperature, and the most significant change is the effect on the treated water quantity. The maximum and minimum processing capacity occurred in July in summer and April in spring respectively. The changes of pollutants such as COD,SS and TP in water were analyzed. The seasonal change had little effect on it, but it had a great effect on ammonia nitrogen in effluent. In the operation cost, the consumption of electricity, the charge of reagents and the cost of sludge disposal are greatly affected by the seasons, and the consumption of electricity per ton and the dosage of the chemicals are lower in summer, but because of the large amount of water treated in summer, the total amount of water treated in summer is large, so in summer, The total cost of electricity, the charge of medicament and the cost of sludge disposal are higher, and the power consumption is higher in winter. By comparing the effects of different biological treatment technologies on domestic sewage treatment, the difference between COD,BOD,SS and TP is small, both of them can reach the standard of discharge, compared with the other two processes, In the removal of COD and BOD, the effect of A / O process is slightly better. On the other hand, the removal rate of TN in A- / O process with denitrification is better than that in other processes. In the comparison of the effects of different processes on energy consumption, the power consumption of BAF process is 0.20 and 0.82KW / h respectively, which is lower than that of A- / O process and CAST process, indicating that biofilm process is more efficient than activated sludge process in operating energy consumption. Have a certain advantage. In the aspect of sludge treatment cost, its own nitrogen and phosphorus removal function does not need the chemical phosphorus removal process, the total sludge quantity is less, at the same time, under the premise of ensuring the sludge activity and treatment effect, the sludge age is longer. For example, the rate of sludge production is low and the cost of sludge treatment is low. In the operation and management of sewage treatment plant, the treatment effect can be strengthened through management and control measures, and the operation cost of sewage treatment plant can be reduced effectively. The specific ways include the optimization and utilization of sludge disposal, the optimization and improvement of process. Control and management of electrical equipment, update and replace of materials, etc.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703
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