【摘要】：按照規(guī)定,城市污水回用前需要進(jìn)行消毒處理。再生水消毒過(guò)程中伴隨著消毒劑與再生水中的一些微量溶解性有機(jī)物發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng),產(chǎn)生各種消毒副產(chǎn)物(DBPs)。研究表明,DBPs對(duì)人群健康和生態(tài)環(huán)境構(gòu)成潛在的威脅。開(kāi)展污水再生消毒的生物毒理學(xué)研究,可為再生水消毒的危害評(píng)價(jià)和城市再生水消毒方式的選擇提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 本論文以斑馬魚(yú)為模式生物,采用生物毒理學(xué)試驗(yàn)方法,研究海南某污水處理廠二沉池出水經(jīng)氯胺、二氧化氯、次氯酸鈉、臭氧幾種消毒劑單獨(dú)或和紫外組合消毒處理后對(duì)斑馬魚(yú)胚胎的毒性,同時(shí)選擇次氯酸鈉消毒的水樣進(jìn)行稀釋,利用稀釋水樣分別對(duì)斑馬魚(yú)胚胎進(jìn)行染毒試驗(yàn),以探究水樣毒性隨著稀釋倍數(shù)加大的變化趨勢(shì)。然后利用胚胎毒性和層次分析法構(gòu)建危害分級(jí)方法及其指標(biāo)體系,評(píng)價(jià)消毒危害。試驗(yàn)研究得到的結(jié)論如下： (1)消毒處理前的二沉池出水未產(chǎn)生胚胎發(fā)育毒性效應(yīng),但經(jīng)次氯酸鈉,氯胺,臭氧,二氧化氯和紫外線對(duì)再生水消毒處理可使斑馬魚(yú)胚胎出現(xiàn)卵黃囊異常、心跳減緩、色素沉積減少、孵出延緩和卷尾等毒理反應(yīng)； (2)不同消毒方式處理的再生水可致斑馬魚(yú)胚胎死亡率不同,其胚胎毒性依次為：二氧化氯紫外二沉池出水(不消毒,ck)氯胺臭氧次氯酸鈉； (3)不同消毒方式的危害分級(jí)為：二氧化氯和紫外消毒構(gòu)成輕微危害,危害等級(jí)為Ⅰ級(jí),氯胺消毒構(gòu)成中度危害,危害等級(jí)為Ⅱ級(jí),次氯酸鈉危害較強(qiáng),其危害等級(jí)為Ⅲ級(jí)； (4)紫外線與化學(xué)消毒劑組合消毒可降低再生水的生物毒性。其中,紫外線與次氯酸鈉組合消毒效果最為明顯；紫外線與氯胺組合消毒較單一氯胺消毒的危害稍有降低,但效果并不顯著；紫外線與二氧化氯組合消毒與單一二氧化氯消毒對(duì)斑馬魚(yú)胚胎的影響并無(wú)明顯差別；紫外線與臭氧組合消毒較臭氧單獨(dú)消毒的危害有所降低； (5)次氯酸鈉消毒的稀釋水樣對(duì)斑馬魚(yú)胚胎的毒理效應(yīng)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：雖然消毒產(chǎn)生的DBPs毒性較大,但是毒性的稀釋效果明顯,其危害指數(shù)隨著稀釋倍數(shù)的增大逐漸降低,當(dāng)消毒水樣稀釋到8倍時(shí),危害等級(jí)已降至Ⅰ級(jí),造成的生態(tài)危害已經(jīng)較為輕微,所以當(dāng)消毒水樣的排放口是設(shè)置在開(kāi)放水體時(shí),不會(huì)造成較大的生態(tài)危害。
[Abstract]:According to the regulations, the municipal sewage need to be disinfected before reuse. In the process of reclaimed water disinfection, the disinfectants react with some trace dissolved organic compounds in the regenerated water, resulting in various disinfection by-products (DBPs). Studies have shown that DBPs poses a potential threat to human health and the ecological environment. The research on biotoxicology of wastewater reclaimed disinfection can provide scientific basis for hazard evaluation of reclaimed water disinfection and selection of disinfection methods for urban reclaimed water. In this paper, zebrafish were used as model organisms and biotoxicological test method was used to study the chloramine, chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite in the effluent of secondary sedimentation tank of a sewage treatment plant in Hainan. The toxicity of several ozone disinfectants to zebrafish embryos after disinfection alone or in combination with ultraviolet radiation. Water samples disinfected with sodium hypochlorite were also selected for dilution, and the zebrafish embryos were tested with diluted water samples. In order to explore the water sample toxicity with the increase of dilution multiple changes in the trend. Then the hazard classification method and its index system were constructed by embryo toxicity and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate the disinfection hazard. The experimental results are as follows: (1) the effluent from secondary sedimentation tank did not produce embryogenic toxicity before disinfection, but was treated with sodium hypochlorite, chloramine, ozone, Disinfection of reclaimed water by chlorine dioxide and ultraviolet rays could result in abnormal yolk sac, slow heartbeat, decrease of pigment deposition, delayed hatching and curl tail reaction in zebrafish embryos. (2) the embryo mortality rate of zebrafish treated by different disinfection methods was different, and the embryo toxicity of zebrafish was as follows: chlorine dioxide ultraviolet secondary sedimentation tank effluent (no disinfection of, ck) chloramine ozone sodium hypochlorite); (3) the hazard grades of different disinfection methods are as follows: chlorine dioxide and ultraviolet disinfection constitute slight harm, the harm grade is grade 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：2352601