【摘要】：隨著溢油污染形勢的日益嚴(yán)峻,溢油鑒別方法面臨前所未有的新挑戰(zhàn)。如何快速準(zhǔn)確地確定溢油污染源,對鎖定肇事者,采取有效的應(yīng)急處置措施,減輕溢油污染損失起著至關(guān)重要的作用。目前,化學(xué)指紋法是國內(nèi)外用于溢油鑒別的常用方法,精度高,但效率低、成本高、操作復(fù)雜、依賴于配制的化學(xué)溶液。紅外光譜法則具有快速、簡便、低成本的優(yōu)點(diǎn),但精度低。論文在總結(jié)國內(nèi)外溢油識別最新研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,對180#燃料油及其風(fēng)化產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)分析,以氣相色譜的正構(gòu)烷烴成分比例作為初始權(quán)值,與紅外光譜標(biāo)樣主成分相乘并加權(quán)求和,得到燃料油的初始紅外光譜圖,和實(shí)驗(yàn)測得的原始譜圖對比,優(yōu)化權(quán)值,從而建立基于氣相色譜的紅外光譜快速識別溢油方法。衰減全反射紅外光譜法對180#燃料油及其風(fēng)化產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行檢測,能快速識別油品類別,但無法識別溢油風(fēng)化程度；氣相色譜法能識別其風(fēng)化程度,但耗時長、實(shí)驗(yàn)流程繁瑣、實(shí)驗(yàn)耗材消耗量大。基于氣相色譜的紅外光譜快速識別溢油方法對180#燃料油及其風(fēng)化產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行檢測,無需制樣,實(shí)時性好,易于攜帶,檢測效率比氣相色譜法提高18倍以上,檢測成本降低約10倍。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,本文提出的基于氣相色譜的紅外光譜快速識別溢油方法,能夠克服紅外光譜精度低及氣相色譜法速度慢的缺點(diǎn),顯著提高溢油識別精度,快速、準(zhǔn)確、低成本地識別溢油及其風(fēng)化產(chǎn)品。此方法在油指紋的快速識別領(lǐng)域具有較廣闊的應(yīng)用前景,為溢油源的快速識別,事故責(zé)任人的認(rèn)定提供技術(shù)支持,為國家海洋防災(zāi)減災(zāi)和維護(hù)國家海洋權(quán)益提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly serious oil spill pollution situation, oil spill identification methods are facing unprecedented new challenges. How to quickly and accurately determine the source of oil spill plays an important role in locking the perpetrators, taking effective emergency measures and reducing the loss of oil spill pollution. At present, chemical fingerprint method is a common method used in oil spill identification at home and abroad. It has high precision, low efficiency, high cost, complex operation, and depends on the preparation of chemical solution. The infrared spectrum rule has the advantages of fast, simple and low cost, but the accuracy is low. On the basis of summing up the latest research results of oil spill identification at home and abroad, the 180# fuel oil and its weathered products are analyzed experimentally. The proportion of n-alkanes in gas chromatography is taken as the initial weight. The initial infrared spectrum of fuel oil is obtained by multiplying and summing up the principal components of the standard sample of infrared spectrum, and compared with the original spectrum obtained by experiment, the weight value is optimized, and the fast identification method of oil spill based on infrared spectrum based on gas chromatography is established. The detection of 180# fuel oil and its weathering products by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy can quickly identify the oil category, but it can not identify the weathering degree of oil spill. Gas chromatography can identify the weathering degree, but it takes a long time, the experimental process is cumbersome, and the consumption of experimental consumables is large. 180# fuel oil and its weathered products are detected by infrared spectrum based on gas chromatography. The results show that 180# fuel oil and its weathered products are easy to carry, real-time and easy to carry. The detection efficiency is more than 18 times higher than that of gas chromatography. The cost of detection was reduced by about 10 times. The experimental results show that the proposed fast identification method based on gas chromatography can overcome the shortcomings of low infrared spectrum precision and slow gas chromatography speed, and improve the oil spill recognition accuracy, speed and accuracy. Identify oil spills and weathered products at low cost. This method has a broad application prospect in the field of oil fingerprint rapid identification, provides technical support for the quick identification of oil spill sources and the identification of the persons responsible for accidents, and provides scientific basis for national marine disaster prevention and mitigation and the maintenance of national marine rights and interests.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X87;X834

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本文編號：2333402