【摘要】：目前,在能源燃料出現(xiàn)危機(jī)以及工業(yè)乙醇需求量日趨升高的背景下,酒精被認(rèn)為是最可能成為石油代替品的能源燃料。某些國(guó)內(nèi)外乙醇制備企業(yè)秉著“以廢治廢”原則,利用農(nóng)作物秸稈,采用非糧原料制備酒精的技術(shù)得到廣泛的認(rèn)可與發(fā)展。然而,在其生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量難降解秸稈酒精廢水。該秸稈酒精廢水的研究多限于厭氧、好氧生化處理,處理出水仍不能達(dá)標(biāo)排放。因此本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用厭氧、好氧、深度處理工藝對(duì)秸稈酒精廢水進(jìn)行處理,分別探討了不同影響因素,研究闡述各階段的運(yùn)行控制參數(shù),重點(diǎn)闡述了COD和NH4+-N等變化規(guī)律。同時(shí),研究秸稈酒精廢水中主要污染物的各個(gè)階段變化情況,突出主要污染物質(zhì),針對(duì)糠醛這一主要污染物從定性、定量角度分析研究COD及其降解情況。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)在秸稈酒精廢水原水連續(xù)進(jìn)入U(xiǎn)ASB中,控制溫度為34℃,進(jìn)水pH值為7,HRT為4天的條件下,UASB反應(yīng)器對(duì)秸稈酒精廢水的COD去除效果最佳,去除率能達(dá)到69%。此時(shí),出水COD濃度為8100mg/L左右,pH為8.2左右,COD負(fù)荷為4.5 kg/(m3·d)。(2)在秸稈酒精厭氧出水作為好氧處理連續(xù)進(jìn)水實(shí)驗(yàn)研究中,控制溫度為34℃,進(jìn)水pH值為7.5,HRT為4天的條件下,COD去除效果最佳,去除率能達(dá)到75.3%。此時(shí),出水COD濃度為2000mg/L左右,pH為8.0左右,COD負(fù)荷為1.53kg/(m3·d)。(3)在深度處理階段,通過(guò)單因素實(shí)驗(yàn),最終確定取好氧廢水200mL,控制Fe2+/H2O2濃度比為0.8:1,H2O2量為3.5mL,調(diào)節(jié)pH值3.5,控制反應(yīng)時(shí)間為30min時(shí),TOC由2000mg/L降解到285mg/L,去除率為85.8%。(4)從整個(gè)過(guò)程來(lái)看,經(jīng)過(guò)厭氧、好氧、深度處理后,COD去除率為98.31%、TOC去除率為97.19%、TN去除率為93.70%、TP去除率為93.89%、NH4+-N去除率為94.63%,最后均能達(dá)到《污水排入城鎮(zhèn)下水道水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(CJ343-2010)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。(5)秸稈酒精廢水主要含有酸類(lèi)、醇類(lèi)、糠醛、苯酚、呋喃類(lèi)、酚類(lèi)、環(huán)烯醇類(lèi)、偶氮類(lèi)及大分子有機(jī)物等50多種有機(jī)物,使得廢水降解難度較高。其中,糠醛含量最高,約占5%左右,是廢水中主要污染物。秸稈酒精廢水經(jīng)過(guò)厭氧、好氧生物處理后主要含有的酸類(lèi)、醇類(lèi)、糠醛、苯酚、呋喃類(lèi)、酚類(lèi)、環(huán)烯醇類(lèi)、偶氮類(lèi)及大分子有機(jī)物均出現(xiàn)有效的去除和降解,僅有部分的偶氮類(lèi)及大分子未充分的去除。
[Abstract]:At present, under the background of the crisis of energy fuel and the increasing demand for industrial ethanol, alcohol is considered as the most likely substitute for oil. According to the principle of "treating waste by waste", some domestic and foreign ethanol preparation enterprises have been widely recognized and developed by using crop straw and using non-grain raw materials to produce alcohol. However, a large amount of straw alcohol wastewater can be produced in the process of production. The study of the straw alcohol wastewater is limited to anaerobic, aerobic biochemical treatment, the effluent still can not meet the discharge standards. In this experiment, anaerobic, aerobic and advanced treatment processes were used to treat straw alcohol wastewater. Different influencing factors were discussed, and the operation control parameters of each stage were studied. The variation of COD and NH4 N was emphasized. At the same time, the changes of main pollutants in straw alcohol wastewater were studied, and the main pollutants were highlighted. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of COD and its degradation was carried out in view of furfural as the main pollutant. The results showed that: (1) under the conditions of continuous entry of raw water from straw alcohol wastewater into UASB, control temperature of 34 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2324546