【摘要】：本研究對湘江下游株洲、湘潭和長沙段河床沉積物進行沉積柱取樣,利用同位素質譜儀(ICP-MS)和多接收器電感耦合等離子體質譜(MC-ICP-MS)等分析技術手段進行微量元素和鉛同位素分析。研究表明,湘江下游沉積柱中重金屬元素含量在垂直方向不具有明顯的變化特征,但重金屬元素平均含量隨流向呈降低趨勢。研究區(qū)域中,株洲河段各重金屬元素含量最高,變異程度最大,長沙段次之,湘潭段最小。由于湘江下游沉積物中重金屬分布不均勻,采樣或監(jiān)測地點有局限性等原因,該區(qū)域重金屬污染評價結果常存在隨機性和模糊性。因此,本研究將隨機模糊理論引進重金屬污染評價體系,建立隨機模擬與三角模糊數耦合模型,通過修正地累積指數評價中修正系數K值,利用改進的地累積指數法評價研究區(qū)域沉積物重金屬污染程度。研究表明,湘江下游長株潭河床中Sc主要為輕度污染,并有向偏中度污染發(fā)展趨勢；Cr、Ni在整個研究區(qū)域都為偏中度污染；V、Co僅在ZX2沉積柱中達到中度污染；Mn、Cu、Zn和Pb在研究區(qū)域均超過中等污染程度,是研究區(qū)域的主要污染元素。重金屬綜合污染程度評價顯示株洲河段污染最嚴重,湘潭次之,長沙最輕。湘江下游河段沉積物中稀土元素配分曲線表現為總體右傾型,呈明顯的Eu負異常和輕度的Ce負異常,體現了典型的陸殼稀土元素特征。根據La/Yb-REE投影推斷沉積物的主要物源來自上游的花崗巖風化、搬運和沉積；La-Th-Sc投影顯示沉積物的物源來源有多個端元,即來自花崗巖端元和粘土、淤泥、顆粒等混合來源端元。歸一化法發(fā)現：株洲段重金屬元素Co、Mn主要來源于自然分化沉積,Zn主要來源于人為污染,Sc、V、Cr、Cu和Pb為自然源與人為源混合污染；湘潭段重金屬元素Mn為自然源與人為源雙重污染,而Sc、V、Cr、Co、Cu、Zn和Pb主要為人為污染；長沙段重金屬元素V、Mn和Pb主要來自然活動,Sc、Cr、Co、Cu和Zn除了自然來源之外,還存在著明顯的人為污染。鉛同位素分析表明,河床沉積物中鉛來源于人為源和自然源,其中自然來源的鉛主要結合在沉積物晶格中,較為穩(wěn)定；人為活動來源的鉛主要富集在可溶相中,易釋放到水體中。鉛同位素顯示流域上游花崗巖等礦石風化是沉積物自然來源鉛的主要貢獻者；可溶相中鉛的主要來源為流域上游Pb-Zn礦床礦石冶煉、流域周圍煤和柴油的燃燒,且大氣沉降也逐漸成為其重要的潛在來源。
[Abstract]:Sediment column sampling was carried out in Zhuzhou, Xiangtan and Changsha reach of Xiangjiang River. Trace elements and lead isotopes were analyzed by means of isotope mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and multi-receiver inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). The results show that the content of heavy metal elements in the sediment column of the lower Xiangjiang River has no obvious change in the vertical direction, but the average content of heavy metal elements decreases with the flow direction. In the study area, the content of heavy metals in Zhuzhou reach was the highest and the degree of variation was the highest, followed by Changsha section and Xiangtan section. Due to the uneven distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of the lower reaches of Xiangjiang River and the limitation of sampling or monitoring sites, the assessment results of heavy metal pollution in this area are often random and fuzzy. Therefore, the random fuzzy theory is introduced into the heavy metal pollution assessment system, and the coupling model of random simulation and triangular fuzzy number is established. The pollution degree of heavy metals in the sediments of the study area was evaluated by using the improved ground accumulation index method. The results show that Sc in the bed of Changzhutan River in the lower reaches of Xiangjiang River is mainly mildly polluted and tends to be moderately polluted, Cr,Ni is moderately polluted in the whole study area, and Cr,Ni is only moderately polluted in the ZX2 sediment column. Mn,Cu,Zn and Pb are the main pollution elements in the study area. The comprehensive assessment of heavy metal pollution showed that Zhuzhou reach was the most polluted, Xiangtan was the second, Changsha was the lightest. The distribution curve of rare earth elements in the sediments of the lower reaches of Xiangjiang River shows a general right-dip pattern with obvious Eu negative anomalies and mild Ce negative anomalies which reflect the typical characteristics of continental crust rare earth elements. According to the La/Yb-REE projection, the main provenance of the sediments is derived from the weathering, transport and deposition of the granites in the upper reaches. The La-Th-Sc projection shows that the source of the sediment is composed of several endelements, I. E. from granite and clay, silt, particles and so on. The normalized method found that the heavy metal elements Co,Mn mainly came from natural differentiation deposition, Zn mainly came from man-made pollution, and Sc,V,Cr,Cu and Pb were mixed pollution of natural and man-made sources. The heavy metal element Mn in Xiangtan section was polluted by both natural and man-made sources, while Sc,V,Cr,Co,Cu,Zn and Pb were mainly human pollution. The heavy metal elements VN mn and Pb mainly come from natural activities in Changsha segment. In addition to natural sources Sc,Cr,Co,Cu and Zn also have obvious anthropogenic pollution. Lead isotopic analysis shows that lead in riverbed sediments comes from both man-made and natural sources, in which lead from natural sources is mainly bound to the lattice of sediments and is relatively stable. Lead from anthropogenic sources is mainly enriched in soluble phase and easily released into water. Lead isotopes show that the weathering of granites in the upper reaches of the basin is the main contributor to lead from the sediments. The main source of lead in the soluble phase is ore smelting of Pb-Zn deposits in the upper reaches of the basin, the combustion of coal and diesel oil around the basin, and the atmospheric deposition has gradually become an important potential source.
【學位授予單位】：湖南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X824;X52

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