植被過濾帶對黑土緩坡耕地氮、磷養(yǎng)分阻控研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-04 20:30
【摘要】：水土流失與農田面源污染是目前黑土區(qū)面臨的兩大生態(tài)環(huán)境問題,水土流失導致耕層變薄,地力下降;面源污染導致水體富營養(yǎng)化,水質惡化。在坡耕地的農業(yè)生產中,兩者存在著必然的聯(lián)系。主要表現(xiàn)為隨著坡耕地水土流失強度的增大,農田中N、P養(yǎng)分的流失顯著增加。為防治黑土區(qū)坡耕地水土流失及阻控土壤N、P營養(yǎng)的流失,從源頭抑制農田面源污染的發(fā)生。本研究在黑土緩坡(5°)耕地上設置了等高植被過濾帶試驗,過濾帶植被選擇耐密性作物——谷子和大豆,種植密度分別設置為1.8m、3.0m和4.2m三種寬度。通過對兩種過濾帶對坡耕地泥沙及N、P養(yǎng)分的阻控效果的測定與分析,得出以下結論。1、谷子過濾帶,在1.8 m、3.0 m、4.2 m三種寬度下,對泥沙的攔蓄率分別為44.83%、55.17%、72.41%。當過濾帶植被為大豆時,對應的泥沙攔蓄率分別為62.07%、65.52%、68.97%。試驗證明,大豆對泥沙的攔蓄作用平均高于谷子。隨寬度的增加谷子對泥沙的攔蓄效果明顯增高,寬度的變化對大豆攔蓄效果影響較小。2、谷子過濾帶,在1.8 m、3.0 m、4.2 m三種寬度下對速效氮的攔蓄量分別為0.521kg/hm2、1.015 kg/hm2、1.1 kg/hm2,對全氮的攔蓄量分別為15.86 kg/hm2、16.705 kg/hm2、22.058 kg/hm2。當過濾帶植被為大豆時,在1.8 m、3.0 m、4.2 m三種寬度下對速效氮的攔蓄量分別為0.485 kg/hm2、1.023 kg/hm2、0.95 kg/hm2,對全氮的攔蓄量分別為14.487 kg/hm2、18.967 kg/hm2、19.011 kg/hm2。試驗證明,谷子對速效氮及全氮的攔蓄效果平均高于大豆,而且隨著帶寬增加,谷子對速效氮及全氮的攔蓄逐漸增加,而大豆對速效氮及全氮的攔蓄增幅不顯著。3、谷子過濾帶,在1.8 m、3.0 m、4.2 m三種寬度下,對速效磷的攔蓄量分別為0.149kg/hm2、0.231 kg/hm2、0.218 kg/hm2,對全磷的攔蓄量分別為2.503 kg/hm2、3.222 kg/hm2、3.805 kg/hm2。當過濾帶植被為大豆時,在1.8 m、3.0 m、4.2 m三種寬度下對速效磷的攔蓄量分別為0.233 kg/hm2、0.247 kg/hm2、0.233 kg/hm2,對全磷的攔蓄量分別為3.742 kg/hm2、4.031 kg/hm2、3.309 kg/hm2。試驗研究證明,大豆對速效磷以及全磷的攔蓄效果要平均高于谷子,過濾帶寬度變化對谷子影響較大。經研究證實植被過濾帶對泥沙、氮、磷阻控效果非常顯著,能夠有效的控制農田的土壤侵蝕與下游水體的污染,而且具有非常重要的科學和實踐意義。
[Abstract]:Soil erosion and farmland non-point source pollution are two major ecological environmental problems in black soil area at present. Soil erosion results in thinning of tilling layer and decrease of soil strength, and non-point source pollution leads to eutrophication of water body and deterioration of water quality. In the agricultural production of sloping farmland, there is an inevitable relationship between the two. With the increase of soil and water loss intensity of sloping farmland, the nutrient loss of N ~ (2 +) P in farmland increased significantly. In order to control soil and water loss of sloping farmland in black soil area and to control the nutrient loss of soil, the occurrence of non-point source pollution in farmland was restrained from the source. In this study, an experiment of equi-high vegetation filtration zone was carried out on the cultivated land with a mild slope of black soil (5 擄). The vegetation in the filter zone selected millet and soybean, the planting density of which was 1.8 m 3.0m and 4.2m width, respectively. Based on the determination and analysis of the control effect of two kinds of filtration zones on sediment and Nu P nutrients in sloping farmland, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. Under the width of 1.8 m ~ 3.0 m ~ (2) ~ (2) m, the following conclusions can be drawn. The interdiction rate of sediment is 44.83 and 72.41, respectively. When the vegetation in the filter zone is soybean, the corresponding sediment retention rate is 62.07 and 65.52 respectively. The results show that the silt blocking effect of soybean is higher than that of millet on average. With the increase of the width, the silt retention effect of millet increased obviously, and the change of width had little effect on the storage effect of soybean. The amount of available nitrogen was 0.521 kg / hm ~ (2 +) 1.015 kg/hm2,1.1 kg/hm2, and 15.86 kg/hm2,16.705 kg/hm2,22.058 kg/hm2. 路min ~ (-1) 路m ~ (-1) 路m ~ (-1). When the vegetation in the filter zone is soybean, the storage capacity of available nitrogen is 0.485 kg/hm2,1.023 kg/hm2,0.95 kg/hm2, under the three widths of 1.8m ~ 3.0mL ~ (2) m ~ (2 +) ~ 4 ~ (2) m. The storage capacity of total nitrogen was 14.487 kg/hm2,18.967 kg/hm2,19.011 kg/hm2., respectively. The results showed that the blocking effect of available nitrogen and total nitrogen in millet was on average higher than that in soybean, and with the increase of bandwidth, the blocking effect of available nitrogen and total nitrogen in millet gradually increased, but the increase of available nitrogen and total nitrogen in soybean was not significant. 3. The storage capacity of available phosphorus was 0.149 kg / hm ~ 2 ~ 0.231 kg/hm2,0.218 kg/hm2, under three widths of 1.8m ~ 3.0m ~ (-1) m ~ (-2) ~ (2) m ~ (-1) ~ (-1) m ~ (-1), respectively. The storage capacity of total phosphorus was 2.503 kg/hm2,3.222 kg/hm2,3.805 kg/hm2., respectively. When the vegetation in the filter zone is soybean, the storage capacity of available phosphorus is 0.233 kg/hm2,0.247 kg/hm2,0.233 kg/hm2, under the three widths of 1.8m ~ 3.0mL ~ 4.2m. The storage capacity of total phosphorus was 3.742 kg/hm2,4.031 kg/hm2,3.309 kg/hm2., respectively. The experimental results showed that the effect of soybean on available phosphorus and total phosphorus was higher than that of millet on average, and the change of the width of filter band had a great influence on millet. It is proved by the research that the effect of vegetation filtration zone on controlling sediment nitrogen and phosphorus is very significant and can effectively control soil erosion and water pollution in the lower reaches of farmland. It is also of great scientific and practical significance.
【學位授予單位】：吉林農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X52;X173
本文編號：2311054
[Abstract]:Soil erosion and farmland non-point source pollution are two major ecological environmental problems in black soil area at present. Soil erosion results in thinning of tilling layer and decrease of soil strength, and non-point source pollution leads to eutrophication of water body and deterioration of water quality. In the agricultural production of sloping farmland, there is an inevitable relationship between the two. With the increase of soil and water loss intensity of sloping farmland, the nutrient loss of N ~ (2 +) P in farmland increased significantly. In order to control soil and water loss of sloping farmland in black soil area and to control the nutrient loss of soil, the occurrence of non-point source pollution in farmland was restrained from the source. In this study, an experiment of equi-high vegetation filtration zone was carried out on the cultivated land with a mild slope of black soil (5 擄). The vegetation in the filter zone selected millet and soybean, the planting density of which was 1.8 m 3.0m and 4.2m width, respectively. Based on the determination and analysis of the control effect of two kinds of filtration zones on sediment and Nu P nutrients in sloping farmland, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. Under the width of 1.8 m ~ 3.0 m ~ (2) ~ (2) m, the following conclusions can be drawn. The interdiction rate of sediment is 44.83 and 72.41, respectively. When the vegetation in the filter zone is soybean, the corresponding sediment retention rate is 62.07 and 65.52 respectively. The results show that the silt blocking effect of soybean is higher than that of millet on average. With the increase of the width, the silt retention effect of millet increased obviously, and the change of width had little effect on the storage effect of soybean. The amount of available nitrogen was 0.521 kg / hm ~ (2 +) 1.015 kg/hm2,1.1 kg/hm2, and 15.86 kg/hm2,16.705 kg/hm2,22.058 kg/hm2. 路min ~ (-1) 路m ~ (-1) 路m ~ (-1). When the vegetation in the filter zone is soybean, the storage capacity of available nitrogen is 0.485 kg/hm2,1.023 kg/hm2,0.95 kg/hm2, under the three widths of 1.8m ~ 3.0mL ~ (2) m ~ (2 +) ~ 4 ~ (2) m. The storage capacity of total nitrogen was 14.487 kg/hm2,18.967 kg/hm2,19.011 kg/hm2., respectively. The results showed that the blocking effect of available nitrogen and total nitrogen in millet was on average higher than that in soybean, and with the increase of bandwidth, the blocking effect of available nitrogen and total nitrogen in millet gradually increased, but the increase of available nitrogen and total nitrogen in soybean was not significant. 3. The storage capacity of available phosphorus was 0.149 kg / hm ~ 2 ~ 0.231 kg/hm2,0.218 kg/hm2, under three widths of 1.8m ~ 3.0m ~ (-1) m ~ (-2) ~ (2) m ~ (-1) ~ (-1) m ~ (-1), respectively. The storage capacity of total phosphorus was 2.503 kg/hm2,3.222 kg/hm2,3.805 kg/hm2., respectively. When the vegetation in the filter zone is soybean, the storage capacity of available phosphorus is 0.233 kg/hm2,0.247 kg/hm2,0.233 kg/hm2, under the three widths of 1.8m ~ 3.0mL ~ 4.2m. The storage capacity of total phosphorus was 3.742 kg/hm2,4.031 kg/hm2,3.309 kg/hm2., respectively. The experimental results showed that the effect of soybean on available phosphorus and total phosphorus was higher than that of millet on average, and the change of the width of filter band had a great influence on millet. It is proved by the research that the effect of vegetation filtration zone on controlling sediment nitrogen and phosphorus is very significant and can effectively control soil erosion and water pollution in the lower reaches of farmland. It is also of great scientific and practical significance.
【學位授予單位】：吉林農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X52;X173
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