【摘要】：本文利用遙感數(shù)據(jù)先對新疆木壘縣梧桐窩子煤田普查區(qū)的植被、鹽漬化和淺層地下水三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了研究,最后結(jié)合三個(gè)方面對研究區(qū)進(jìn)行了荒漠化綜合評價(jià)。在利用2000-2012年的MODIS數(shù)據(jù)、氣象及高程數(shù)據(jù)對研究區(qū)的植被變化趨勢及影響因素進(jìn)行分析過程中,發(fā)現(xiàn)雖然研究區(qū)內(nèi)植被整體生長較差,但在這13年間全區(qū)植被有轉(zhuǎn)好趨勢,并且區(qū)內(nèi)植被長勢與降水、相對濕度和地形均存在大體的正相關(guān)關(guān)系,其中植被對降水的響應(yīng)滯后1個(gè)月,而區(qū)內(nèi)植被最適宜生長的高度是1640-1830m。對研究區(qū)的鹽漬化分析是利用1989、2000和2010年的TM數(shù)據(jù),采用決策樹和閾值劃分結(jié)合,對研究區(qū)的鹽漬化情況進(jìn)行提取和統(tǒng)計(jì)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)全區(qū)鹽漬化程度低,鹽堿地面積不超過2%,其中2010年鹽堿地面積最大,而2000年鹽堿地面積最小,對比氣象數(shù)據(jù)后推測短時(shí)降雨、氣溫和年降水量是造成研究區(qū)年際鹽漬化變化的原因。由于研究區(qū)內(nèi)缺乏地下水?dāng)?shù)據(jù),因此本文利用DEM數(shù)據(jù)和TM數(shù)據(jù)提取的坡度、起伏度、匯流累積量、鹽漬化和植被情況,采用層次分析法對淺層地下水賦存概率進(jìn)行了預(yù)測,結(jié)果表明研究區(qū)淺層地下水資源匱乏,極有可能存在淺層地下水的區(qū)域僅為全區(qū)的2.56%,且主要分布在北部鹽池、中部沖溝和地表水體周圍。為了對研究區(qū)的荒漠化情況進(jìn)行分析,本文用植被覆蓋率對研究區(qū)進(jìn)行了荒漠化分區(qū)并計(jì)算其土地轉(zhuǎn)移速率,結(jié)果表明研究區(qū)在2000-2012年間荒漠化程度有所好轉(zhuǎn)。為了進(jìn)一步對研究區(qū)的荒漠化程度進(jìn)行綜合評價(jià),本文統(tǒng)計(jì)了研究區(qū)鹽漬化的變化速率和淺層地下水賦存概率的分區(qū)情況,并對兩圖分別統(tǒng)計(jì)了與植被指數(shù)的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明研究區(qū)內(nèi)淺層地下水賦存概率低,淺層地下水資源匱乏,但其與植被生長存在良好的正相關(guān)關(guān)系;而鹽漬化面積擴(kuò)張快且程度加重,對研究區(qū)的植被生長存在明顯的抑制作用。因此,綜合上述三個(gè)方面的情況,本文認(rèn)為盡管研究區(qū)的荒漠化程度出現(xiàn)好轉(zhuǎn)趨勢,但是其鹽漬化程度的快速擴(kuò)張和淺層地下水資源的匱乏勢必會(huì)對該區(qū)的發(fā)展造成限制,整體的荒漠化形勢并不樂觀。
[Abstract]:In this paper, three aspects of vegetation, salinization and shallow groundwater in the general survey area of Wutongwo coalfield in Muli County, Xinjiang were studied by using remote sensing data. Finally, the comprehensive evaluation of desertification in the study area was carried out in combination with three aspects. Using MODIS data, meteorological and elevation data from 2000 to 2012 to analyze the trend of vegetation change and its influencing factors in the study area, it is found that although the overall growth of vegetation in the study area is poor, the vegetation in the whole area has a trend of improvement in the past 13 years. There is a positive correlation between vegetation growth and precipitation, relative humidity and topography, in which the response of vegetation to precipitation lags by 1 month, and the height of vegetation growth is 1640-1830 m. The salinization analysis of the study area is based on the TM data of 19892000 and 2010, and the decision tree and threshold division are used to extract and statistics the salinization in the study area. The results showed that the salinization degree in the whole area was low, the saline-alkali land area was not more than 2, the saline-alkali land area was the largest in 2010, and the saline-alkali land area in 2000 was the smallest. Air temperature and annual precipitation are the causes of inter-annual salinization in the study area. Due to the lack of groundwater data in the study area, the slope, fluctuation, accumulation of runoff, salinization and vegetation, extracted from DEM data and TM data, are used to predict the occurrence probability of shallow groundwater in this paper. The results show that the shallow groundwater resources are scarce in the study area. The area where there is shallow groundwater is only 2.56 in the whole area, and it is mainly distributed around the salt pond in the north, the gully in the middle part and the surface water body. In order to analyze the desertification in the study area, this paper uses vegetation coverage to divide the study area and calculate its land transfer rate. The results show that the desertification degree of the study area improved from 2000 to 2012. In order to further evaluate the degree of desertification in the study area, the change rate of salinization and the partition of probability of occurrence of shallow groundwater in the study area are analyzed in this paper, and the relationship between the two maps and the vegetation index is analyzed respectively. The results show that the occurrence probability of shallow groundwater in the study area is low, and the shallow groundwater resources are scarce, but there is a good positive correlation between the occurrence of shallow groundwater and the growth of vegetation. The salinization area expanded rapidly and the degree of salinization increased, and the vegetation growth in the study area was inhibited obviously. Therefore, in view of the above three aspects, this paper holds that although the degree of desertification in the study area is improving, the rapid expansion of its salinization and the scarcity of shallow groundwater resources are bound to limit the development of the area. The overall situation of desertification is not optimistic.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X171.1

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