【摘要】：近年來(lái),我國(guó)海水養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大,但養(yǎng)殖活動(dòng)對(duì)周邊水域的環(huán)境影響及養(yǎng)殖污染負(fù)荷缺乏系統(tǒng)研究。本研究選擇山東省墾利縣海水養(yǎng)殖區(qū)周邊水域?yàn)檠芯繀^(qū)域,分別監(jiān)測(cè)2014年10月(養(yǎng)殖期)和12月(間歇期)水中污染物濃度水平,分析養(yǎng)殖活動(dòng)對(duì)周邊水體環(huán)境質(zhì)量的影響；結(jié)合統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),估算了2012年我國(guó)海水養(yǎng)殖污染負(fù)荷總量,分析了養(yǎng)殖業(yè)在污染物入海通量中所占的比重,利用蒙特卡羅模擬研究了影響污染負(fù)荷估算結(jié)果的敏感性因素并進(jìn)行情景模擬,為我國(guó)海水養(yǎng)殖業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果表明,研究區(qū)域水中污染物濃度較高,養(yǎng)殖期內(nèi)溶解性無(wú)機(jī)氮(DIN)、總氮(TN)、總磷(TP)、CODMn和TOC的濃度范圍(均值)分別是0.32～0.46(0.40)mg/L、0.80 ～1.51(1.17)mg/L、0.04～0.17(0.09)mg/L、2.03～6.50(4.11)mg/L和3.44～8.05(6.21)mg/L,間歇期各項(xiàng)水質(zhì)參數(shù)的監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果分別為1.17～2.50(1.83)mg/L、1.50～3.68(2.93)mg/L. 0.04～0.17(0.07)mg/L、4.20～7.22(6.21)mg/L和4.82～7.22(6.19)mg/L；分析顯示水中DIN、TN、CODMn和TOC表現(xiàn)出退潮濃度增加,漲潮濃度降低的潮汐規(guī)律,而TP和PO43-的潮汐規(guī)律與之相反；養(yǎng)殖排水是造成水中溶解氧和pH值降低,以及營(yíng)養(yǎng)性物質(zhì)濃度增加的主要原因；水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)顯示DIN和CODMn為該區(qū)域主要污染物,養(yǎng)殖間歇期存在富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化程度加重的趨勢(shì)�；谒a(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖排污系數(shù)調(diào)查手冊(cè)和漁業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒,估算海水養(yǎng)殖污染負(fù)荷,結(jié)果顯示,2012年我國(guó)海水養(yǎng)殖活動(dòng)排放的總氮、總磷、COD、銅和鋅分別為17,414t、3145 t、55,505 t、53 t和242 t,濱海各省污染負(fù)荷總量與養(yǎng)殖總產(chǎn)量存在線性關(guān)系；不同來(lái)源污染物入海通量分析表明,陸源輸入為污染物的主要入海方式,養(yǎng)殖活動(dòng)所占比重較低,但其對(duì)局部海域環(huán)境的影響不容忽視。敏感性分析表明,養(yǎng)殖模式是影響污染負(fù)荷總量的關(guān)鍵因素,在養(yǎng)殖總產(chǎn)量不變的情況下,提高池塘養(yǎng)殖并降低網(wǎng)箱養(yǎng)殖,總氮、總磷和COD污染負(fù)荷降低比例分別為3.2%、22.6%和8.8%,選擇合理的養(yǎng)殖類型并提高餌料利用率是減少海水養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境影響的關(guān)鍵。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the scale of mariculture in China has been expanding, but the environmental impact of aquaculture activities on the surrounding waters and the pollution load of aquaculture are not systematically studied. In this study, the surrounding waters of mariculture area in Kenli County, Shandong Province were selected as the study areas. The concentration of pollutants in water was monitored in October (culture period) and December (intermittent period), respectively, to analyze the effect of aquaculture activities on the environmental quality of surrounding waters. Combined with statistical data, the total pollution load of marine aquaculture in China in 2012 was estimated, and the proportion of aquaculture industry in the flux of pollutants into the sea was analyzed. The sensitivity factors affecting the estimation results of pollution load were studied by Monte Carlo simulation and the scenario simulation was carried out to provide the basic data for the sustainable development of mariculture in China. The monitoring results show that the concentration of pollutants in the study area is high. 鍏繪畺鏈熷唴婧惰В鎬ф棤鏈烘愛(ài)(DIN),鎬繪愛(ài)(TN),鎬葷７(TP),CODMn鍜孴OC鐨勬祿搴﹁寖鍥，

本文編號(hào)：2269908