天津石化行業(yè)揮發(fā)性有機物源排放成分譜研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-05 14:53
【摘要】：天津作為北方地區(qū)重要的工業(yè)城市,石化主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,隨之發(fā)生的大氣環(huán)境污染問題日益嚴重,空氣中排放大量的揮發(fā)性有機污染物,導(dǎo)致以PM2.5細粒子和臭氧為代表的霧霾和光化學(xué)煙霧問題頻繁出現(xiàn)在天津城區(qū)。本論文以天津大港石化園區(qū)VOCs排放源為研究對象,對企業(yè)內(nèi)不同處理單元VOCs排放特征展開了研究,在追溯其排放VOCs物種與生產(chǎn)過程、原輔材料(有機溶劑)或治理技術(shù)之間聯(lián)系的基礎(chǔ)上,編制出本地化石化行業(yè)源排放成分譜,來識別VOCs主要排放組分與貢獻。通過對天津大港石化園區(qū)的現(xiàn)場考察,采取排放因子法,構(gòu)建出2014年的園區(qū)內(nèi)石化業(yè)VOCs排放清單。選定了2家典型石化企業(yè)作為本課題的研究對象,具體包括A企業(yè)的氣體分餾、汽柴油罐、污油罐工藝環(huán)節(jié),B企業(yè)污水汽提、延遲焦化、焦化汽油罐、污水處理廠工藝環(huán)節(jié)。對企業(yè)內(nèi)VOCs樣品采集為無組織環(huán)境空氣和有組織排放筒兩種,多數(shù)為無組織采集,使用預(yù)濃縮-GC-MS儀器對樣品進行測試分析,結(jié)果共分析出76種VOCs化學(xué)組分,共分為6大類,獲取了兩家企業(yè)不同處理單元VOCs排放源成分譜,識別其VOCs物種的排放特征,研究結(jié)論主要如下：(1)企業(yè)工藝單元排放的VOCs組分結(jié)構(gòu)總體上具有一定的相似性。含氧有機物、烯烴的比例在A企業(yè)三個工藝環(huán)節(jié)中貢獻均較高；B企業(yè)分析出的VOCs物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)中,烷烴和芳香烴均占據(jù)一定的比例,且在污水處理單元中芳香烴分配達到最大,此外,四個環(huán)節(jié)中還檢測出鹵代烴的存在,其在焦化汽油罐和延遲焦化工藝中所占比重較高。(2)排放VOCs特征污染物在企業(yè)不同排放環(huán)節(jié)中也存在一定的差異。苯和甲苯在污水處理廠貢獻最高,2-甲基丁烷和異丁烷是污水汽提單元主要組分。(3) VOCs源譜中最突顯的特點就是對含氧VOCs的檢測發(fā)現(xiàn),且該類物質(zhì)是A企業(yè)的特征污染物。(4)不同工藝環(huán)節(jié)VOCs的排放特征與原材料性質(zhì)、工藝生產(chǎn)過程有著密切直接的聯(lián)系；此外,其上下游油罐、化工生產(chǎn)等裝置有機溶劑的添加也會影響到目標(biāo)單元的VOCs化學(xué)物種的排放。
[Abstract]:Tianjin is an important industrial city in the north of China. Petrochemical industry is developing rapidly. As a result, the air pollution problem is becoming more and more serious, and a large amount of volatile organic pollutants are emitted from the air. The problem of haze and photochemical smog, represented by PM2.5 fine particles and ozone, appears frequently in Tianjin urban area. In this paper, the VOCs emission sources of Tianjin Dagang Petrochemical Park are taken as the research object, and the characteristics of VOCs emissions from different treatment units in the enterprise are studied, and the emission VOCs species and production process are traced back. Based on the relationship between raw and auxiliary materials (organic solvent) or treatment technology, the source emission composition spectrum of localized petrochemical industry is compiled to identify the main emission components and contributions of VOCs. Based on the field investigation of Dagang Petrochemical Park in Tianjin, the VOCs emission inventory of petrochemical industry in 2014 was constructed by using the emission factor method. Two typical petrochemical enterprises were selected as the research object of this project, including gas fractionation, gasoline and diesel tanks, waste water stripping, delayed coking, coking gasoline tank and sewage treatment plant process link of A enterprise. There are two kinds of VOCs samples collected in enterprises, which are unorganized ambient air and organized discharge tubes, most of them are unorganized. The samples are tested and analyzed by pre-concentrated GC-MS instrument. The results show that 76 kinds of VOCs chemical components are analyzed, which are divided into 6 categories. The VOCs emission source spectra of two different treatment units were obtained, and the emission characteristics of VOCs species were identified. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) the structure of the VOCs components emitted from the process units was similar in general. Both alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons occupy a certain proportion in the VOCs material structure analyzed by enterprises A and B, and the distribution of aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage treatment units is the largest. In addition, the presence of halogenated hydrocarbons has been detected in the four links, which account for a high proportion in coking gasoline tanks and delayed coking processes. (2) there are some differences in the emission of VOCs characteristic pollutants in different emission links of enterprises. Benzene and toluene are the main components of sewage steam bill of lading. (3) the most prominent feature of VOCs source spectrum is the detection of oxygenated VOCs. And this kind of substance is the characteristic pollutant of A enterprise. (4) the emission characteristics of VOCs in different process links are closely and directly related to the properties of raw materials and the process of production, in addition, the upstream and downstream oil tanks, The addition of organic solvents in chemical plants will also affect the emission of VOCs chemical species in target units.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X78
本文編號：2253812
[Abstract]:Tianjin is an important industrial city in the north of China. Petrochemical industry is developing rapidly. As a result, the air pollution problem is becoming more and more serious, and a large amount of volatile organic pollutants are emitted from the air. The problem of haze and photochemical smog, represented by PM2.5 fine particles and ozone, appears frequently in Tianjin urban area. In this paper, the VOCs emission sources of Tianjin Dagang Petrochemical Park are taken as the research object, and the characteristics of VOCs emissions from different treatment units in the enterprise are studied, and the emission VOCs species and production process are traced back. Based on the relationship between raw and auxiliary materials (organic solvent) or treatment technology, the source emission composition spectrum of localized petrochemical industry is compiled to identify the main emission components and contributions of VOCs. Based on the field investigation of Dagang Petrochemical Park in Tianjin, the VOCs emission inventory of petrochemical industry in 2014 was constructed by using the emission factor method. Two typical petrochemical enterprises were selected as the research object of this project, including gas fractionation, gasoline and diesel tanks, waste water stripping, delayed coking, coking gasoline tank and sewage treatment plant process link of A enterprise. There are two kinds of VOCs samples collected in enterprises, which are unorganized ambient air and organized discharge tubes, most of them are unorganized. The samples are tested and analyzed by pre-concentrated GC-MS instrument. The results show that 76 kinds of VOCs chemical components are analyzed, which are divided into 6 categories. The VOCs emission source spectra of two different treatment units were obtained, and the emission characteristics of VOCs species were identified. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) the structure of the VOCs components emitted from the process units was similar in general. Both alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons occupy a certain proportion in the VOCs material structure analyzed by enterprises A and B, and the distribution of aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage treatment units is the largest. In addition, the presence of halogenated hydrocarbons has been detected in the four links, which account for a high proportion in coking gasoline tanks and delayed coking processes. (2) there are some differences in the emission of VOCs characteristic pollutants in different emission links of enterprises. Benzene and toluene are the main components of sewage steam bill of lading. (3) the most prominent feature of VOCs source spectrum is the detection of oxygenated VOCs. And this kind of substance is the characteristic pollutant of A enterprise. (4) the emission characteristics of VOCs in different process links are closely and directly related to the properties of raw materials and the process of production, in addition, the upstream and downstream oil tanks, The addition of organic solvents in chemical plants will also affect the emission of VOCs chemical species in target units.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X78
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