【摘要】：磷是生物不可缺少的重要元素,但是過量的磷排入到江河湖泊中,會使水體受到嚴(yán)重的污染,出現(xiàn)水體富營養(yǎng)化的現(xiàn)象,而磷的含量決定了水體的富營養(yǎng)化程度。因此磷的含量是衡量水質(zhì)好壞的一項(xiàng)重要指標(biāo),然而目前使用的磷酸根檢測方法大多需要添加一些化學(xué)試劑,檢測時間較長,且檢測過后的溶液會對環(huán)境造成二次污染。電化學(xué)分析法中的離子選擇電極法檢測過程中不添加化學(xué)試劑,避免了對環(huán)境的二次污染,而且該方法還具有簡單方便、分析速度快、成本低、靈敏度高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因此本文依據(jù)離子選擇電極原理,開發(fā)了磷酸根離子選擇電極,主要研究內(nèi)容如下：(1)研究了一種液態(tài)磷酸根離子選擇電極,該電極以層狀鎂鋁復(fù)合金屬氧化物為活性物質(zhì),三十二烷基甲基氯化銨為離子添加劑,2-硝基苯辛醚為增塑劑。研究了電極敏感膜的組成比例、增塑劑、內(nèi)充液對電極性能的影響,并對電極的選擇性,響應(yīng)時間等參數(shù)進(jìn)行考察。結(jié)果得出在最佳制成電極的條件下,電極在磷酸二氫根濃度為10-1～10-4mol/L的線性范圍有較好的能斯特響應(yīng)曲線,電極的斜率達(dá)到-27.3mV/dec,電極的檢測下限為9.22×10-5mol/L.(2)利用電化學(xué)法中的恒電流法,制作了摻雜鈷-氧化鈷的聚苯胺修飾玻碳電極。研究了聚合條件及鈷離子含量對電極的影響,在最佳條件下制成的電極在磷酸二氫根濃度為10-1～10-4mol/L的范圍有較好的線性,檢測下限為9.3×10-5mol/L,響應(yīng)時間小于一分鐘,且具有較好的選擇性,穩(wěn)定性和良好的重復(fù)性。(3)開發(fā)了具有雙層膜結(jié)構(gòu)的磷酸根離子選擇電極。該電極以玻碳為基底電極,摻雜鈷-氧化鉆的聚苯胺為中間體,層狀鎂鋁復(fù)合金屬氧化物PVC膜為敏感膜,具有較高的響應(yīng)斜率-32.3mV/dec,較低的檢測下限7.65×10-5mol/L,電極響應(yīng)時間較短,穩(wěn)定性、抗干擾能力較強(qiáng),同時具有更好的機(jī)械性能和相對較長的使用時間。
[Abstract]:Phosphorus is an indispensable and important element in living things, but excessive phosphorus discharged into rivers and lakes will cause serious pollution and eutrophication of water, and the content of phosphorus determines the degree of eutrophication. Therefore, the content of phosphorus is an important index to measure the quality of water quality. However, most of the methods used at present need to add some chemical reagents, the detection time is longer, and the detected solution will cause secondary pollution to the environment. The ion selective electrode method in electrochemical analysis can avoid the secondary pollution of the environment by adding no chemical reagent. Moreover, the method is simple, convenient, fast, low cost and high sensitivity. Therefore, based on the principle of ion selective electrode, a phosphate ion selective electrode has been developed. The main contents are as follows: (1) A liquid phosphate ion selective electrode is studied. 32 alkyl methyl ammonium chloride as ionic additive 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether as plasticizer. The effects of the composition of the electrode sensitive film, plasticizer and liquid on the performance of the electrode were studied. The selectivity and response time of the electrode were also investigated. The results show that the electrode has a good Nernst response curve when the concentration of dihydrogen phosphate is 10-1~10-4mol/L. The slope of electrode is -27.3 MV / L and the detection limit of electrode is 9.22 脳 10 ~ (-5) mol 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (2). (2) the constant current method is used in electrochemical method. Polyaniline modified glassy carbon electrode doped with cobalt-cobalt oxide was prepared. The effects of polymerization conditions and cobalt ion content on the electrode were studied. Under the optimum conditions, the electrode had a good linearity in the range of dihydrogen phosphate concentration of 10-1~10-4mol/L, the detection limit was 9.3 脳 10 ~ (-5) mol / L, and the response time was less than one minute. It has good selectivity, stability and reproducibility. (3) the phosphate ion selective electrode with double-layer membrane structure has been developed. The electrode uses glassy carbon as substrate electrode, Polyaniline doped with cobalt oxide drill as intermediate, layered magnesia-aluminum composite metal oxide PVC film as sensitive film, has a high response slope of -32.3mV / L, low detection limit of 7.65 脳 10 ~ (-5) mol / L 路L ~ (-1), short response time and stability. Strong anti-jamming ability, at the same time with better mechanical properties and relatively long time to use.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X832;O657.1

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本文編號：2242090