【摘要】：垃圾滲濾液是衛(wèi)生填埋過程中產(chǎn)生的一種高濃度有機廢水,如果對其處理不當(dāng)會對土壤,地下水和地表水,大氣等造成嚴重污染。然而由于垃圾滲濾液污染物濃度較高,水質(zhì)和水量波動性大,成分較為復(fù)雜,因此目前垃圾滲濾液的處理依然是個世界性難題。垃圾滲濾液的組成成分復(fù)雜,是一種高強度的廢水,擁有很高的化學(xué)需氧量(COD)和氨氮(NH3-N)含量,但是碳氮比和BOD5/COD(B/C)很低,因此目前的研究主要集中于物理化學(xué)方法,尤其是用反滲透膜處理垃圾滲濾液。本研究以醴陵垃圾填埋場的垃圾滲濾液作為研究對象,用創(chuàng)新型的放射通道碟管式反滲透(RCDTRO)系統(tǒng)滲濾液,測試其性能,包括處理效率和對膜污染的抵抗力兩方面;其次,還通過試驗確定其最佳的操作條件;最后,對污染膜片進行掃描電鏡和超聲波清洗,分析引起膜污染的主要成分和原因,對RCDTRO系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定持續(xù)地運行提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。本文研究了碟管式反滲透(RCDTRO)系統(tǒng)在垃圾滲濾液處理中的應(yīng)用,從主要污染物的處理效果和對膜污染的抵抗力,對RCDTRO的性能進行了評估。研究表明,在不進行預(yù)處理和后置處理的情況下,一級RCDTRO系統(tǒng)對COD的去除率為98.89±0.26%、NH3-N的去除率為96.04±0.21%、脫鹽率為97.53±0.18%。此外,更長的清洗周期說明該系統(tǒng)具有很強的抗膜污染力。實驗室研究得出最佳的操作條件為操作壓力42-50bar,加壓泵頻率35Hz,處理水回收率65%-75%。本研究表明RCDTRO系統(tǒng)處理垃圾滲濾液在技術(shù)上和經(jīng)濟上都是可行的,并且能夠在相對較低的壓力下維持較高的處理效率。通過掃描電鏡確定反滲透膜表面污染物質(zhì)的成分;其次,在檢測之前,用有機溶劑丙酮浸泡,并測定在不同浸泡時間內(nèi)膜表面污染物質(zhì)的變化;再次,通過對污染膜片的超聲波清洗,對比前后膜表面物質(zhì)的變化;最后,用AFM-原子力顯微鏡檢測污染前后膜表面的粗糙程度,進一步確定清洗前后反滲透膜表面污染物質(zhì)的變化�？梢缘贸鲆韵陆Y(jié)論:(1)反滲透膜污染后表面聚集大量有機物和重金屬元素,非金屬元素中主要包含硅和硫元素。(2)在金屬元素中,汞、銅、鐵占大多數(shù),這些金屬元素在水中能形成膠體物質(zhì),粘附在膜表面。(3)膜污染的形成過程可能是由于重金屬元素或者硅等物質(zhì)在水中形成膠體狀物質(zhì),并粘附在膜表面,然后不斷吸附有機物,最后有機物與膠體螯合,造成膜污染。(4)反滲透膜污染后在有機溶劑丙酮浸泡后可以降低膜污染表面物質(zhì)的濃度,尤其是有機物方面。(5)反滲透膜污染后,對其進行超聲波清洗,能有效降低有機污染、減小膜表面的粗糙程度,增加其光滑度。
[Abstract]:Landfill leachate is a kind of high concentration organic wastewater produced in the process of sanitary landfill. If it is not treated properly, it will cause serious pollution to soil, groundwater and surface water, atmosphere and so on. However, the treatment of landfill leachate is still a worldwide problem because of its high concentration of pollutants, high volatility of water quality and quantity, and complex composition. The composition of landfill leachate is complex, it is a kind of high intensity wastewater, it has high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) content, but carbon nitrogen ratio and BOD5/COD (B / C) are very low, so the current research is mainly focused on physical and chemical methods. In particular, reverse osmosis membrane is used to treat landfill leachate. In this study, the landfill leachate of Liling Landfill was used as the research object, and the performance of the leachate of the Liling landfill leachate was tested by using the innovative radioactive channel, disc tube reverse osmosis (RCDTRO) system leachate, including the treatment efficiency and resistance to membrane fouling. Secondly, The optimal operating conditions were determined by experiments. Finally, the main components and causes of membrane fouling were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and ultrasonic cleaning, which provided scientific basis for the stable and continuous operation of RCDTRO system. In this paper, the application of disc tube reverse osmosis (RCDTRO) system in landfill leachate treatment is studied. The performance of RCDTRO is evaluated from the treatment effect of main pollutants and resistance to membrane fouling. The results showed that the removal rate of COD was 98.89 鹵0.26 and the removal rate of NH _ 3-N was 96.04 鹵0.21 and 97.53 鹵0.18 in the first RCDTRO system without pretreatment and post-treatment. In addition, the longer cleaning period shows that the system has a strong resistance to membrane fouling. The experimental results show that the optimal operating conditions are operating pressure 42-50 bar. pressure pump frequency 35Hz, water recovery 65-75. This study shows that the RCDTRO system is technically and economically feasible to treat landfill leachate and can maintain a higher treatment efficiency under relatively low pressure. The composition of surface contaminants of reverse osmosis membrane was determined by scanning electron microscope. Secondly, the organic solvent acetone was used to soak in the membrane before detection, and the changes of the surface pollutants of the membrane in different immersion time were measured. Again, Through ultrasonic cleaning of contaminated membrane, the changes of membrane surface material were compared. Finally, AFM- atomic force microscope was used to detect the roughness of membrane surface before and after pollution, and to further determine the change of fouling material of reverse osmosis membrane before and after cleaning. The following conclusions can be drawn: (1) the surface of the reverse osmosis membrane is contaminated with a large amount of organic and heavy metal elements, and the non-metallic elements mainly contain silicon and sulfur elements. (2) among the metal elements, mercury, copper and iron are the majority. These metal elements can form colloids in water and adhere to the membrane surface. (3) the formation process of membrane fouling may be due to the formation of colloidal substances in water by heavy metal elements or silicon and adhesion to the membrane surface, and then to the continuous adsorption of organic matter. Finally, organic matter chelates with colloid, resulting in membrane fouling. (4) the concentration of surface substances contaminated by reverse osmosis can be reduced after soaking in organic solvent acetone, especially in organic matter. (5) after fouling of reverse osmosis membrane, ultrasonic cleaning is carried out. It can effectively reduce organic pollution, reduce the roughness of membrane surface and increase its smoothness.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703

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