【摘要】：近年各省市陸續(xù)頒布地方污水排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn),標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定污水處理廠出水排放需達(dá)到一級(jí)A標(biāo)準(zhǔn),污水處理廠普遍采取改進(jìn)污水處理工藝或增加投藥量的措施使出水水質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo),此做法會(huì)在降低末端環(huán)境影響的同時(shí)增加前端的能源生產(chǎn)所產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境影響,造成環(huán)境問題的轉(zhuǎn)移。因此在出水水質(zhì)達(dá)到一級(jí)A標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的基礎(chǔ)上,不同污水處理工藝產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境影響如何,同一污水處理廠處理工藝改進(jìn)前后環(huán)境影響變化如何,是政策實(shí)施背景下污水處理廠面臨的問題�；谝陨蠁栴},本文運(yùn)用基于輸入-輸出理論的生命周期評(píng)價(jià)(LifeCycle Assessment, LCA)方法,對(duì)不同污水處理工藝進(jìn)行環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià),為管理者提供決策支持,以利于區(qū)域環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。本文的主要內(nèi)容有如下幾方面：(1)運(yùn)用Gabi 5.0軟件建立污水處理廠A和B污水處理工藝運(yùn)行階段的生命周期評(píng)價(jià)模型,兩個(gè)污水處理廠的處理工藝分別為曝氣生物濾池工藝(Biological Aerated Filter,BAF)和恒水位序批式反應(yīng)器處理工藝(Constant Waterlevel Sequencing Batch Reactors, CWSBR),將水回用因素考慮入評(píng)價(jià)中。研究結(jié)果表明,CWSBR工藝產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境影響小于曝氣生物濾池工藝,其中酸化(AP)、溫室效應(yīng)(GWP)、人體潛在毒性(HTP)、海洋水生毒性(MAETP)差異明顯,兩種工藝的海洋生態(tài)毒性(MAE TP)結(jié)果值均為最大,臭氧層破壞(ODP)結(jié)果值較小,與其他類型相比可以忽略。(2)以污水處理廠A為研究對(duì)象,比較污水排放政策實(shí)施前后原工藝和新工藝環(huán)境影響變化,結(jié)果表明新工藝產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境影響高于原工藝,若要改善環(huán)境需采取資源回收措施。(3)本文提出凈變量(Net Variable Quantity, NVQ)概念用以計(jì)算污水處理廠整體的環(huán)境影響變化,判斷最優(yōu)水回用率。以曝氣生物濾池工藝為例,計(jì)算40%-100%之間不同水回用率情景下的凈變量。結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)水回用率在60%-70%之間時(shí),凈變量值由正值變?yōu)樨?fù)值,即水回用率在此范圍內(nèi)時(shí)產(chǎn)生的正環(huán)境影響剛好補(bǔ)償由于前端能源生產(chǎn)所產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境影響。
[Abstract]:In recent years, various provinces and cities have successively promulgated local sewage discharge standards, which stipulate that the effluent discharge of sewage treatment plants should meet the first class A standard. The sewage treatment plants generally adopt measures to improve the sewage treatment process or increase the dosage of drugs to make the effluent quality up to the standard. This approach can reduce the environmental impact at the end of the end while increasing the environmental impact of the front end energy production, resulting in the transfer of environmental problems. Therefore, on the basis of the effluent quality up to the first class A standard, what is the environmental impact of different wastewater treatment processes, and how does the environmental impact change before and after the process improvement of the same sewage treatment plant? Is the policy implementation background sewage treatment plant faces the question. Based on the above problems, this paper uses the life-cycle evaluation (LifeCycle Assessment, LCA) method based on the input-output theory to carry out the environmental impact assessment of different wastewater treatment processes, which provides decision support for the managers and is conducive to the sustainable development of the regional environment. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the life cycle evaluation model of sewage treatment plant A and B wastewater treatment process is established by using Gabi 5.0 software. The treatment processes of two wastewater treatment plants are biological aerated filter process (Biological Aerated Filter,BAF) and constant water level sequencing batch reactor (Constant Waterlevel Sequencing Batch Reactors, CWSBR),). The factors of water reuse are taken into account in the evaluation. The results showed that the environmental impact of the CWSBR process was smaller than that of the biological aerated filter process, in which there was a significant difference in the potential toxicity of (AP), Greenhouse Effect (GWP), in marine and aquatic (MAETP), and the (MAE TP) value of the two processes was the largest. The result of ozone layer destruction (ODP) is small and can be ignored compared with other types. (2) taking sewage treatment plant A as the research object, the effects of the original process and the new process environment before and after the implementation of the sewage discharge policy are compared. The results show that the environmental impact of the new process is higher than that of the original process. In order to improve the environment, the measures of resource recovery should be taken. (3) the concept of net variable (Net Variable Quantity, NVQ) is proposed to calculate the environmental impact of the wastewater treatment plant as a whole and to judge the optimal rate of water reuse. Taking biological aerated filter as an example, the net variables under different water reuse rates between 40% and 100% were calculated. The results show that when the water reuse rate is between 60% and 70%, the net variable value changes from positive value to negative value, that is, the positive environmental impact of water reuse rate in this range compensates precisely for the environmental impact caused by front-end energy production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703;X820.3

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