【摘要】：當(dāng)今人工水體由于其自身沒(méi)有自?xún)裟芰?無(wú)法維持生態(tài)平衡,導(dǎo)致湖泊富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化較為嚴(yán)重,截污從根本上可以將湖泊污染問(wèn)題解決,但實(shí)施起來(lái)有一定的難度,其他技術(shù)耗資也較大,因此尋找適合我國(guó)國(guó)情并且與環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的新工藝有利于治理湖泊環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題。本研究針對(duì)微污染地表水,采用橫流式生物濾池工藝,起初通過(guò)示蹤試驗(yàn)對(duì)流態(tài)進(jìn)行分析,其次啟動(dòng)掛膜,采用自然掛膜的方式,啟動(dòng)階段水力負(fù)荷為0.08 m3/(m2·h),60d后氨氮的去除率穩(wěn)定在90%,CODCr的去除率穩(wěn)定在60%,掛膜成功后從水力負(fù)荷為0.16m3/(m2·h)逐漸加大水力負(fù)荷至0.80m3/(m2·h),研究水力負(fù)荷對(duì)濾池處理效能的影響,并且在水力負(fù)荷0.80m3/(m2·h)下通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)換進(jìn)水方式對(duì)比不同進(jìn)水方式下濾池的脫氮效能,與此同時(shí)分析不同進(jìn)水方式下生物量的變化情況,探討內(nèi)源反硝化機(jī)理,研究結(jié)果表明:(1)通過(guò)脈沖刺激響應(yīng)的技術(shù)研究反應(yīng)器內(nèi)的流態(tài),結(jié)果顯示反應(yīng)器內(nèi)存在短流或循環(huán)流動(dòng),并且2qs得0.34,表明濾池內(nèi)流動(dòng)狀態(tài)偏向于推流式;(2)在不同的水力負(fù)荷下,氨氮和CODCr的去除率波動(dòng)較大,從起初的HRL為0.16m3/(m2·h)到最終的HRL為0.80m3/(m2·h),氨氨氮去除率相對(duì)起初的去除率值降低了12個(gè)百分點(diǎn),表明水力負(fù)荷對(duì)氨氮的去除效果有一定影響;CODCr的去除率反而上升了4.48個(gè)百分點(diǎn),表明濾池抗沖擊負(fù)荷能力強(qiáng);硝氮的去除率降低了不到1個(gè)百分點(diǎn),亞硝氮去除率降低了21個(gè)百分點(diǎn),TN去除率幾乎不變,濁度去除率都在90%以上;(3)從正向進(jìn)水到反向進(jìn)水的運(yùn)行過(guò)程中,濾池對(duì)硝氮的去除率由10.96%上升到27.22%,亞硝氮去除率有63.92%上升到74.71%,而氨氮的去除率由67.55%降低到50.89%,以及CODCr的去除率由64.15%降低到46.11%,出水濁度也有所上升,濾池對(duì)TN的去除效果有所提高由31.18%升到35.10%,上述現(xiàn)象推斷濾池內(nèi)發(fā)生了內(nèi)源反硝化。在整個(gè)運(yùn)行過(guò)程中,機(jī)械截留和物理吸附占主導(dǎo)作用,微生物的降解作用較少,并且通過(guò)對(duì)溶解有機(jī)質(zhì)的EEM光譜分析得知,兩種進(jìn)水方式下腐植酸類(lèi)物質(zhì)是水中主要的溶解性有機(jī)物,并且其可生化性差,不同進(jìn)水方式去除效果相差不大。(4)通過(guò)比較每一級(jí)生物量的變化情況,針對(duì)Ⅰ級(jí)生物濾池的生物量變化情況進(jìn)行分析,得出內(nèi)源反硝化過(guò)程中會(huì)釋放氨氮,并且p H有所上升。隨著運(yùn)行時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),內(nèi)源反硝化速率逐漸增大,致使TN去除率逐漸上升。
[Abstract]:Because the artificial water body has no self-purification ability, it can not maintain the ecological balance, which leads to the serious eutrophication of the lake. The pollution interception can solve the pollution problem of the lake fundamentally, but it is difficult to carry out. Other technologies are also expensive, so finding a new process suitable for China's national conditions and harmonious and sustainable development with the environment is conducive to the treatment of lake environmental pollution. In this study, the cross flow biofilter process was used to analyze the convection state of micro-polluted surface water. The removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen was stable at 90m ~ (3 / (m ~ 2) h) 60 d after hydraulic loading of 0.08 m ~ (3 / (m ~ 2) h) in start-up stage, and the removal rate of COD _ (Cr) was stable at ~ (60). After the membrane was successfully suspended, the hydraulic load was increased from 0.16m3/ (m ~ 2 h) to 0.80m3/ (m ~ 2 ~ 2 h),). The effect of hydraulic load on the treatment efficiency of filter was studied. At the same time, the denitrification efficiency of the filter under different influent modes was compared under hydraulic loading 0.80m3/ (m 2h), and the change of biomass under different influent conditions was analyzed, and the mechanism of endogenous denitrification was discussed. The results show that: (1) the flow state in the reactor is studied by pulse stimulation response technique. The results show that there is a short flow or circulating flow in the reactor, and the 2qs is 0.34, which indicates that the flow state in the filter tends to push flow; (2) under different hydraulic loads, The removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen and CODCr fluctuated greatly, from the initial HRL to the final HRL being 0.16m3/ (m2h) to the final HRL (m2-h), ammonia-nitrogen removal rate) decreased by 12 percentage points compared with the original removal rate. The results show that the removal rate of CODCr increases by 4.48 percentage points, and the removal rate of nitrate nitrogen decreases by less than 1 percentage point, which indicates that the hydraulic load has a certain effect on the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen, and the removal rate of CODCr has increased by 4.48 percentage points. The removal rate of nitrite nitrogen was reduced by 21 percentage points and the removal rate of TN was almost unchanged, and the turbidity removal rate was above 90%. (3) in the process of running from forward to reverse influent, The removal rate of nitrite nitrogen in filter increased from 10.96% to 27.22%, the removal rate of nitrite nitrogen increased from 63.92% to 74.71%, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen decreased from 67.55% to 50.89%, and the removal rate of CODCr decreased from 64.15% to 46.11. The turbidity of effluent also increased. The removal efficiency of TN in the filter increased from 31.18% to 35.10%, and it was inferred that endogenous denitrification occurred in the filter. In the whole operation process, mechanical interception and physical adsorption play a dominant role, and the degradation of microorganisms is less, and through the EEM spectrum analysis of dissolved organic matter, it is known that, Humic acid is the main dissolved organic matter in water under two influent conditions, and its biodegradability is poor, and the removal efficiency of different influent ways is not different. (4) by comparing the change of biomass of each grade, Based on the analysis of biomass change of the first grade biofilter, it was concluded that ammonia nitrogen would be released during endogenous denitrification and pH would be increased. With the prolongation of running time, the rate of endogenous denitrification increased and the removal rate of TN increased gradually.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X52

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