【摘要】：西大洋水庫自2003年成為百萬級城市的飲用水供給水源,北京地區(qū)應急水源地,目前是南水北調工程中線的輸水樞紐,華北平原中部地區(qū)庫區(qū)規(guī)模最大、水域功能最強,集城市供水、防洪、灌溉、發(fā)電等綜合利用的大I型水庫。為研究西大洋水庫浮游動物群落的時空分布動態(tài)變化,分析其與庫區(qū)水體環(huán)境影響因子的關系,并評價水體環(huán)境質量,對水庫營養(yǎng)類型進行判定,于2014年1月、4-12月對西大洋水庫進行采樣,設置樣點11個,調查分析了西大洋水庫浮游動物的種類組成、優(yōu)勢種、密度、生物量、多樣性指數(shù)及水體環(huán)境因子,對浮游動物和環(huán)境因子進行了相關性分析、廣義加性模型GAM分析和典范對應CCA分析,探究西大洋水庫浮游動物生物指標與水質影響因子的相關關系,應用綜合營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)指數(shù)、水質化學評價指數(shù)及浮游動物現(xiàn)存量、多樣性指數(shù)、污染指示種等評價方法對西大洋水庫水質和營養(yǎng)化程度進行評定。以期為西大洋水庫水域生態(tài)的研究提供基礎數(shù)據(jù),為西大洋水庫增強水體自凈能力,降低營養(yǎng)化水平,優(yōu)化其水源地功能,持續(xù)保持清潔水體現(xiàn)狀,提供生態(tài)學支撐和依據(jù)。本研究的主要結果如下：1、西大洋水庫調查期間共鑒定浮游動物16科36屬64種,其中輪蟲8科18屬39種,占61%,枝角類4科9屬11種,占17%,橈足類4科9屬14種,占22%,夏秋季種類數(shù)最多,春季次之,冬季最少,浮游動物年均密度469 ind./L,年均生物量3.55 mg/L。浮游動物優(yōu)勢種共有11種,其中輪蟲有6種,枝角類和橈足類各2種,優(yōu)勢種年均密度為351 ind./L,占總密度71%,年均生物量為2.52 mg/L,占年均總生物量的68%。浮游動物Shannon-Weaner多樣性指數(shù)變化范圍1.9-3.57,年均值為2.9,Margalef豐富度指數(shù)變化范圍為1.12-3.32,年均值為2.6,Simpson指數(shù)均小于1,年均值為0.8,三種多樣性指數(shù)均表現(xiàn)為夏秋季高,冬春季低,各樣點間分布趨勢不明顯。2、西大洋水庫浮游動物群落結構的主要指標(種類數(shù)、密度和生物量及多樣性指數(shù)、豐富度指數(shù))均與水溫呈極顯著正相關,影響密度和生物量的主要水質因子為葉綠素a、總氮和溶解氧,種類數(shù)與透明度呈極顯著正相關,與總磷呈極顯著負相關。廣義加性模型GAM分析顯示,種類數(shù)與水溫為顯著相關關系,生物量與葉綠素a含量為顯著相關關系,密度與葉綠素a含量存在一定的線性關系,與溶解氧之間的關系為顯著,與水溫之間為顯著相關且不存在線性關系。利用CCA分析顯示,水溫是影響西大洋水庫浮游動物群落的決定性因子,其次為葉綠素a和營養(yǎng)鹽,輪蟲主要受水溫、葉綠素a的影響,浮游甲殼類與透明度、溶解氧相關性較大,水溫、總氮、葉綠素a是浮游動物優(yōu)勢種的主要影響因子,呈顯著正相關。3、運用浮游動物密度及生物量指標、多樣性指數(shù)、環(huán)境指示種、輪蟲Q值等生物學評價方法,結合水質化學評價指數(shù)和綜合營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)指數(shù),對西大洋水庫水質及富營養(yǎng)化狀況進行了綜合評價。應用多樣性指數(shù)法和環(huán)境指示種的水質評價結果,與水質化學評價指數(shù)顯示的結果一致,西大洋水庫水體為清潔水體至β-中污型,綜合來看西大洋水庫水質良好,達到II類地表水標準,符合其作為供水水源地的水質要求。應用綜合營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)指數(shù)和浮游動物生物指標對西大洋水庫營養(yǎng)化水平進行評定,判定西大洋水庫為中營養(yǎng)型。
[Abstract]:Xidayang Reservoir has become the drinking water supply source of millions of cities since 2003. The emergency water source of Beijing area is now the water transmission hub of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. The central part of North China Plain is the largest reservoir with the strongest water function. It is a large I reservoir with comprehensive utilization of water supply, flood control, irrigation and power generation. The spatial and temporal distribution of zooplankton community in the reservoir was analyzed, and the relationship between zooplankton community and environmental impact factors in the reservoir area was analyzed. The water environmental quality was evaluated, and the nutrient types of the reservoir were determined. Species, Density, Biomass, Diversity Index and Water Environmental Factors were analyzed. GAM analysis and CCA analysis were used to explore the correlation between the biological indexes of zooplankton and the influencing factors of water quality in the Western Ocean Reservoir. The water quality and nutrient level of Xidayang Reservoir were evaluated by the methods of the number of zooplankton, diversity index, pollution indicator species and so on, in order to provide basic data for the ecological research of Xidayang Reservoir, to enhance the self-purification ability of Xidayang Reservoir, to reduce the nutrient level, to optimize the function of its source area, and to maintain the clean water continuously. The main results of this study are as follows: 1. A total of 64 species of zooplankton belonging to 36 genera and 16 families were identified during the investigation period of Xidayang Reservoir. Among them, 39 species belonging to 18 genera of 8 families, accounting for 61%, 11 species belonging to 9 genera of 4 families of cladocera, 17%, 14 species belonging to 9 genera of 4 families of copepods, accounting for 22%, the most species in summer and autumn, followed by spring, the least in winter and phytoplankton. The average annual density of zooplankton was 469 ind. / L and the average annual biomass was 3.55 mg / L. There were 11 dominant species of zooplankton, including 6 rotifers, 2 Cladocera and 2 copepods. The average annual density of dominant species was 351 ind. / L, accounting for 71% of the total density, and the average annual biomass was 2.52 mg / L, accounting for 68% of the total biomass. - 3.57, annual average value is 2.9, Margalef richness index varies from 1.12 to 3.32, annual average value is 2.6, Simpson index is less than 1, annual average value is 0.8, three kinds of diversity index are high in summer and autumn, low in winter and spring, the distribution trend between different points is not obvious. 2, the main index of zooplankton community structure in the Western Ocean Reservoir (species number, density and growth) The main water quality factors affecting density and biomass were chlorophyll a, total nitrogen and dissolved oxygen. The number of species was positively correlated with transparency and negatively correlated with total phosphorus. There was a significant correlation between biomass and chlorophyll a content, a linear relationship between density and chlorophyll a content, a significant relationship with dissolved oxygen, a significant correlation with water temperature and no linear relationship. Chlorophyll A and nutrients, rotifers are mainly affected by water temperature, chlorophyll a, planktonic crustaceans and transparency, dissolved oxygen correlation is greater, water temperature, total nitrogen, chlorophyll a are the dominant species of zooplankton, the main influencing factors are significantly positive correlation. 3. The use of zooplankton density and biomass indicators, diversity index, environmental indicators, rotifer Q value and so on. The water quality and eutrophication status of Xidayang Reservoir were comprehensively evaluated by biochemical evaluation method combined with water quality chemical evaluation index and comprehensive nutrition state index. The water quality of Xiyang Reservoir is good, which meets Class II surface water standard and meets the water quality requirement of Xiyang Reservoir as water supply source.
【學位授予單位】：寧夏大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：Q958.8;X824

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