四種水生植物修復滇池富營養(yǎng)化水體效果的評估
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-08 09:56
【摘要】：本文以重度富營養(yǎng)化的滇池為平臺,開展四種水生植物修復滇池富營養(yǎng)化水體的試驗性研究。由水葫蘆、水浮蓮、輪葉黑藻、香蒲與滇池草海水體和底泥分別組建了對應的水生植物生態(tài)修復系統(tǒng),研究四種水生植物凈化草海重度富營養(yǎng)化水體效果。結(jié)果表明：在初始生物量相同的條件下,水葫蘆生物增長量與同化吸收的氮、磷量均高于水浮蓮、輪葉黑藻和香蒲,且植物同化作用是凈化水體主要途徑；經(jīng)水生植物處理后,水體NH4+-N、TN、TP和CODcr濃度均顯著降低,水葫蘆組水體NH4+-N、TN、TP和CODcr濃度的去除率分別是97.3%、86.9%、94.6%和63.6%；水浮蓮組分別是96.9%、83.9%、94.6%和57.4%；香蒲組分別是94.6%、82.4%、92.5%和60.2%；輪葉黑藻組分別是97.3%、78.6%、77.4%和50.9%。同時,四種水生植物均能顯著抑制浮游藻類生長,可顯著削減底泥氮、磷含量,且以水葫蘆組削減效果最佳。凈化水體效果排序為水葫蘆組水浮蓮組香蒲組輪葉黑藻組。在滇池外海北岸污染嚴重的0.25 km2封閉水域控養(yǎng)水葫蘆,削減富營養(yǎng)化水體內(nèi)源氮、磷等污染物,探討有效修復湖泊水體的生物治理措施。6月底按9.30 kg/m2投放水葫蘆種苗,水葫蘆控養(yǎng)面積為2.51 hm2,占水域面積的10%。結(jié)果表明：水葫蘆在控養(yǎng)圍欄內(nèi)生長迅速,特別是在7月-9月,最高生長速率為372.7g/(mZ.d)；水葫蘆干物質(zhì)平均氮、磷含量分別為23.22 g/kg和5.03 g/kg,每噸鮮水葫蘆可富集氮、磷量分別為1.59kg和0.35kg,通過控養(yǎng)水葫蘆,累計帶走試驗水域水體氮1.15噸,磷0.25噸；水體TN、TP和CODcr濃度與水體Chl-a濃度顯著相關(guān),由于水葫蘆根系吸附攔截了大量浮游藻類,使控養(yǎng)區(qū)浮游藻類生物量遠高于對照區(qū),但也導致了控養(yǎng)區(qū)水體TN、TP和CODcr濃度顯著高于對照區(qū)；同時,控養(yǎng)水葫蘆未顯著影響浮游藻類群落結(jié)構(gòu),吸附于根系的浮游藻類也未影響根系活力和葉片代謝過程,然而控養(yǎng)水葫蘆對該水域底泥氮、磷等負荷的削減作用較小。
[Abstract]:On the platform of Dianchi Lake with severe eutrophication, this paper carried out an experimental study on the restoration of eutrophication water of Dianchi Lake by four kinds of aquatic plants. The ecological restoration system of aquatic plants was set up by water hyacinth, floret, black algae, cattail and grass sea in Dianchi Lake and sediment respectively, and the effects of four aquatic plants on purifying serious eutrophication water in grass sea were studied. The results showed that under the condition of the same initial biomass, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus absorbed by water hyacinth was higher than that of phytoplankton, black algae and cattail, and plant assimilation was the main way to purify the water body. The removal rates of NH4 -NtnnTTP and CODcr in water of water hyacinth group were 97.6% and 63.6%, respectively; the water florescence group was 96.92.42.44% and 57.4%, respectively; the turnip group was 97.38.6% and 50.990%; the latter was 97.38.67.74% and 50.9%; the latter was 97.38.67.77.4% and 50.995%, respectively. At the same time, four aquatic plants could significantly inhibit the growth of phytoplankton, significantly reduce the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediment, and the water hyacinth group had the best effect. The order of purifying water body was water hyacinth group, water florescence lotus group, Typha group, diploidophyta group. Water hyacinth was controlled in the seriously polluted water hyacinth on the north coast of Dianchi Lake, the endogenous nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in eutrophication water were reduced, and the biological treatment measures for effective restoration of lake water were discussed. The seed seedlings of water hyacinth were put into use according to 9.30 kg/m2 at the end of 6 months. The controlled area of water hyacinth was 2. 51 hm2,. The results showed that the water hyacinth grew rapidly in the control fence, especially in July-September, the highest growth rate was 372.7g/ (mZ.d), the average nitrogen and phosphorus contents of dry matter were 23.22 g/kg and 5.03 g / kg, respectively, and nitrogen could be enriched per ton of fresh water hyacinth. The amount of phosphorus was 1.59kg and 0.35 kg, respectively. By controlling water hyacinth, the nitrogen and phosphorus were 1.15 tons and 0.25 tons respectively, and the concentrations of TN,TP and CODcr were significantly correlated with Chl-a concentration, and the phytoplankton was intercepted by the root system of water hyacinth. The biomass of phytoplankton in the controlled culture area was much higher than that in the control area, but the concentrations of TN,TP and CODcr in the control area were significantly higher than those in the control area, and the community structure of phytoplankton was not significantly affected by the controlled water hyacinth. Phytoplankton adsorbed on roots did not affect the root activity and leaf metabolism process, but the control of water hyacinth had little effect on the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus load.
【學位授予單位】：南京理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X52;X173
本文編號：2230185
[Abstract]:On the platform of Dianchi Lake with severe eutrophication, this paper carried out an experimental study on the restoration of eutrophication water of Dianchi Lake by four kinds of aquatic plants. The ecological restoration system of aquatic plants was set up by water hyacinth, floret, black algae, cattail and grass sea in Dianchi Lake and sediment respectively, and the effects of four aquatic plants on purifying serious eutrophication water in grass sea were studied. The results showed that under the condition of the same initial biomass, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus absorbed by water hyacinth was higher than that of phytoplankton, black algae and cattail, and plant assimilation was the main way to purify the water body. The removal rates of NH4 -NtnnTTP and CODcr in water of water hyacinth group were 97.6% and 63.6%, respectively; the water florescence group was 96.92.42.44% and 57.4%, respectively; the turnip group was 97.38.6% and 50.990%; the latter was 97.38.67.74% and 50.9%; the latter was 97.38.67.77.4% and 50.995%, respectively. At the same time, four aquatic plants could significantly inhibit the growth of phytoplankton, significantly reduce the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediment, and the water hyacinth group had the best effect. The order of purifying water body was water hyacinth group, water florescence lotus group, Typha group, diploidophyta group. Water hyacinth was controlled in the seriously polluted water hyacinth on the north coast of Dianchi Lake, the endogenous nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in eutrophication water were reduced, and the biological treatment measures for effective restoration of lake water were discussed. The seed seedlings of water hyacinth were put into use according to 9.30 kg/m2 at the end of 6 months. The controlled area of water hyacinth was 2. 51 hm2,. The results showed that the water hyacinth grew rapidly in the control fence, especially in July-September, the highest growth rate was 372.7g/ (mZ.d), the average nitrogen and phosphorus contents of dry matter were 23.22 g/kg and 5.03 g / kg, respectively, and nitrogen could be enriched per ton of fresh water hyacinth. The amount of phosphorus was 1.59kg and 0.35 kg, respectively. By controlling water hyacinth, the nitrogen and phosphorus were 1.15 tons and 0.25 tons respectively, and the concentrations of TN,TP and CODcr were significantly correlated with Chl-a concentration, and the phytoplankton was intercepted by the root system of water hyacinth. The biomass of phytoplankton in the controlled culture area was much higher than that in the control area, but the concentrations of TN,TP and CODcr in the control area were significantly higher than those in the control area, and the community structure of phytoplankton was not significantly affected by the controlled water hyacinth. Phytoplankton adsorbed on roots did not affect the root activity and leaf metabolism process, but the control of water hyacinth had little effect on the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus load.
【學位授予單位】：南京理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X52;X173
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