【摘要】：近地面作為人們生活棲息的主要空間,其大氣質(zhì)量的好壞直接影響人們的身體健康,因此,研究近地面臭氧及氮氧化物濃度變化顯得日益重要。為了更好的認識西安市郭杜鎮(zhèn)臭氧及氮氧化物濃度的變化規(guī)律,為大氣污染防治提供科學(xué)依據(jù),很有必要研究西安市的臭氧及氮氧化物濃度變化。本文于2014年10月利用便攜式儀器對西安市郭杜鎮(zhèn)陜西師范大學(xué)長安校區(qū)52m高度范圍的臭氧和氮氧化物濃度及其氣象要素進行了3個晝夜高分辨率的觀測,研究了該區(qū)臭氧及氮氧化物濃度的時空變化及氣象要素對兩者濃度的變化的影響,得出以下主要結(jié)論：(1)通過對西安市郭杜鎮(zhèn)2014年10月臭氧濃度3次晝夜變化觀測,揭示出2014年10月臭氧濃度在1-52m高度范圍內(nèi)晝夜變化規(guī)律較為一致,呈單峰分布,均在14：00出現(xiàn)峰值,晝夜O3濃度變化較大。03濃度晝夜變化可分為三個階段。第一階段出現(xiàn)于0：00～8：00為臭氧濃度居中階段。第二階段為10：00～16：00,該時段為日臭氧濃度最高階段。第三階段為18：00～0：00,是臭氧濃度最低階段。(2)西安市郭杜鎮(zhèn)2014年10月氮氧化物濃度晝夜?jié)舛茸兓嗜齻�階段變化。第一階段出現(xiàn)于0：00～8：00,為濃度最低階段。第二階段為10：00～16：00,是濃度最高階段。第三階段為18：00至22：00,是為濃度居中階段。(3)西安市郭杜鎮(zhèn)2014年10月臭氧濃度垂向變化可分為兩類型。第一種類型出現(xiàn)在8：00-18：00,主要特點是臭氧濃度在1-10m高度范圍內(nèi)隨高度增加呈增加趨勢。13-22m高度范圍內(nèi)隨高度增加臭氧濃度呈減少趨勢,而25-52m高度范圍內(nèi)隨高度增加臭氧濃度表現(xiàn)出增加的趨勢。第二種類型出現(xiàn)在20：00～6：00,主要變化特征是臭氧平均濃度在1-l0m高度范圍內(nèi)隨高度增加呈增加趨勢,在13-52m高度范圍內(nèi),隨高度增加臭氧平均濃度呈遞減趨勢。(4)西安市郭杜鎮(zhèn)2014年10月氮氧化物濃度垂向變化可分為三類型。第一種類型出現(xiàn)在12：00-16：00和0：00～4：00期間,12：00～16：00 NOx濃度在1～43m高度范圍隨高度增加而增加,46-52m高度范圍內(nèi)濃度變化呈減小趨勢。0：00-4：00NOx濃度在1～43m高度范圍內(nèi)隨高度增加而增加,在46-52m高度范圍內(nèi)隨高度增加濃度減小。第二種類型出現(xiàn)在18：00～22：00,在1-43m高度范圍內(nèi)隨高度增加NOx濃度變化幅度較小,增加趨勢不明顯；46-52m高度范圍內(nèi)隨高度增加NOx濃度減小。第三種類型主要出現(xiàn)在6：00～10：00時間段,1-31m高度范圍內(nèi)隨高度增加NOx濃度呈減少趨勢,34--43m范圍內(nèi)隨高度增加NOx表現(xiàn)出增加趨勢,而46-52m范圍隨高度增加NOx濃度呈減少趨勢。(5)研究區(qū)域2014年10月臭氧和氮氧化物濃度、相對濕度、風(fēng)速均呈負相關(guān),與溫度、氣壓、太陽輻射強度、混合層高度均呈正相關(guān)。氮氧化物與溫度、混合層高度均呈正相關(guān),與相對濕度、風(fēng)速、氣壓、太陽輻射強度均呈負相關(guān)。(6)2014年10月研究區(qū)域臭氧為出現(xiàn)污染現(xiàn)象,而氮氧化物在12：00～16：00出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重污染。(7)觀測期間臭氧除當(dāng)?shù)貋碓粗膺h程源主要來源于人煙稀少、氣候干燥、地表植被覆蓋率較低的區(qū)域。
[Abstract]:As the main living space of people, the quality of air near the ground has a direct impact on people's health. Therefore, it is increasingly important to study the changes of ozone and nitrogen oxides concentration near the ground. It is necessary to study the concentration of ozone and nitrogen oxides in Xi'an. In October 2014, three high-resolution observations of ozone and nitrogen oxides and their meteorological elements were carried out at 52 m altitude in Chang'an Campus of Shaanxi Normal University, Guodu Town, Xi'an City, using portable instruments. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Through observing the three diurnal variations of ozone concentration in Guodu Town of Xi'an City in October 2014, it is revealed that the diurnal variation of ozone concentration in October 2014 is more consistent in the range of 1-52m, showing a single peak distribution, and both occur at 14:00. The diurnal variation of ozone concentration can be divided into three stages. The first stage occurs from 0:00 to 8:00, which is the middle stage of ozone concentration. The second stage is from 10:00 to 16:00, which is the highest stage of daily ozone concentration. The third stage is from 18:00 to 0:00, which is the lowest stage of ozone concentration. The first stage appeared at 0:00 to 8:00, which was the lowest stage. The second stage was 10:00 to 16:00, which was the highest stage. The third stage was from 18:00 to 22:00, which was the middle stage. (3) The vertical variation of ozone concentration in Guodu Town of Xi'an City in October 2014. The first type occurs at 8:00-18:00, and the main characteristic is that the ozone concentration increases with height in the range of 1-10 M. The ozone concentration decreases with height in the range of 13-22 m, and increases with height in the range of 25-52 M. From 20:00 to 6:00, the main change characteristic is that the average concentration of ozone increases with the height in the range of 1-l0m, and decreases with the height in the range of 13-52m. (4) The vertical variation of the concentration of nitrogen oxides in Guodu Town of Xi'an City in October 2014 can be divided into three types. During the periods of 00-16:00 and 0:00-4:00, the concentration of NO_x increased with the increase of height in the range of 12:00-16:00, and decreased with the increase of height in the range of 46-52 M. The concentration of NO_x increased with the increase of height in the range of 0:00-4:00, and decreased with the increase of height in the range of 46-52 M. Type 3 occurs from 18:00 to 22:00, and the concentration of NOX varies slightly with altitude in the range of 1-43m, but the increasing trend is not obvious. The concentration of NOX decreases with altitude in the range of 46-52m. The third type mainly occurs in the period of 6:00 to 10:00, and the concentration of NOX decreases with altitude in the range of 1-31m, and it is in the range of 34-43m. The concentration of NOX increased with altitude, but decreased with altitude in the range of 46-52m. (5) Ozone and NOX concentration, relative humidity and wind speed were negatively correlated with temperature, atmospheric pressure, solar radiation intensity and mixed layer height in the study area in October 2014. There was a positive correlation between ozone and relative humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure and solar radiation intensity. (6) In October 2014, ozone was polluted, while nitrogen oxides were seriously polluted from 12:00 to 16:00. (7) During the observation period, ozone mainly came from sparse human, dry climate and vegetation cover. Areas with lower rates.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X51

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本文編號：2209875