沈陽經(jīng)濟區(qū)典型城市街道灰塵的污染特征
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-27 06:20
【摘要】：隨著城市經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展與城市規(guī)模的不斷擴大,城市環(huán)境的污染問題也越來越受到人們的關(guān)注。城市街道灰塵是一種典型的城市環(huán)境污染物,其在城市環(huán)境污染中一直起著傳播媒介的作用,并與城市大氣污染、水體污染以及土壤污染有著密切的關(guān)聯(lián)。城市街道灰塵是一種附著或沉積于城市道路或街道表面上的固體顆粒物,其既可以在風(fēng)力和車流的擾動下?lián)P起,以懸浮顆粒的形式存在于大氣中或沉降在城市土壤里,也可以在雨水的沖刷作用下進入江河、湖泊等或滲入地下,易對城市環(huán)境造成二次污染。沈陽經(jīng)濟區(qū)是我國新型工業(yè)化綜合配套改革試驗區(qū),區(qū)內(nèi)城市具有典型的老工業(yè)基地特征,街道灰塵的污染特征與該區(qū)域城市居民的身體健康密切相關(guān)。本文針對遼寧省沈陽經(jīng)濟區(qū)僅在沈陽市開展過街道灰塵初步研究的實際情況,選取沈陽經(jīng)濟區(qū)的沈陽、撫順、鐵嶺三個典型城市,分析城市市區(qū)街道灰塵的基本理化性質(zhì)、重金屬的含量、空間分布特征以及污染程度,同時還對街道灰塵中氨氮、硝氮和溶解性有機碳的含量和空間分布進行了探究,旨在為城市環(huán)境污染防治、環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價、城市規(guī)劃以及保障城市人群健康提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。本文得出的主要結(jié)論如下:(1)沈陽、撫順、鐵嶺三個城市的街道灰塵均呈堿性,p H均值分別為8.39、7.87、7.80。(2)沈陽、撫順、鐵嶺三個城市的街道灰塵均為中粒徑占比最大,均超過50%,表明這三個城市的街道灰塵顆粒多半都以跳躍移動為主要的遷移方式(3)沈陽、鐵嶺、撫順三個城市的街道灰塵中Cu的含量均值分別為88.2 mg/kg、64.1 mg/kg、48.9 mg/kg,Cd的含量均值分別為1.9 mg/kg、2.1 mg/kg、1.4 mg/kg,Pb的含量均值分別為70.1 mg/kg、101.1 mg/kg、82.6 mg/kg,Zn的含量均值分別為231.1 mg/kg、167.9 mg/kg、150.8 mg/kg,Mn的含量均值分別為1225.0 mg/kg、1000.6 mg/kg、659.6 mg/kg,均明顯高于土壤背景值。沈陽市街道灰塵中的Cu、Zn、Mn的平均含量均高于撫順和鐵嶺兩市,Pb的含量為撫順市最高,其次是鐵嶺、沈陽最低。沈陽、撫順、鐵嶺三城市街道灰塵中Cd含量相差不大,按含量由高到低的順序依次為撫順沈陽鐵嶺。(4)沈陽、撫順、鐵嶺三個城市街道灰塵中Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn的潛在生態(tài)危害程度均為輕微污染,而三個城市街道灰塵中Cd的生態(tài)危害程度則都達到了極強污染,三個城市街道灰塵中重金屬Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Mn的總生態(tài)危害程度,由于Cd的存在污染級別也很高,其中沈陽和撫順均為極強污染,鐵嶺為強度污染。與此同時,沈陽、撫順、鐵嶺三個城市街道灰塵重金屬地質(zhì)累積風(fēng)險指數(shù)的結(jié)果顯示,沈陽市街道灰塵中Cu、Pb、Zn的地質(zhì)累積風(fēng)險程度為中度污染,Mn為無污染到中度污染,而Cd則為強度污染到極度污染;撫順市街道灰塵中Cu、Mn的地質(zhì)累積風(fēng)險程度均為無污染到中度污染,Zn、Pb為中度污染,Cd為強度污染到極度污染;鐵嶺市街道灰塵中Cu、Zn的地質(zhì)累積風(fēng)險程度均為無污染到中度污染、Pb為中度污染、Mn為無污染到中度污染,而Cd為強度污染。(5)沈陽、撫順、鐵嶺三個城市街道灰塵中的Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn易在火車站、汽車客運站、商業(yè)街和工礦企業(yè)附近出現(xiàn)較高值,說明這些重金屬受到道路交通、人群活動和工礦企業(yè)的重要影響。而Mn的高值點主要出現(xiàn)在郊區(qū)和工礦企業(yè)較多的地域,說明Mn的含量主要受到工礦企業(yè)和城市土壤的影響。(6)沈陽、撫順、鐵嶺三個城市的街道灰塵中NH3-N的含量均值分別為35.04 mg/kg、8.45 mg/kg、26.86 mg/kg,NO3-N的含量均值分別為58.62 mg/kg、8.89 mg/kg、25.00 mg/kg,可見,三個城市街道灰塵中NH3-N、NO3-N的含量均為沈陽市最高,其次是鐵嶺市,撫順市為最低。沈陽、撫順、鐵嶺街道灰塵中的NH3-N的高值點均出現(xiàn)在公園附近或郊區(qū)路段,說明其主要來源可能是城市土壤,而NO3-N則在公園附近路段或者火車站、商業(yè)街等機動車流量大、人群活動頻繁的路段都會出現(xiàn)高值,說明其會受到城市土壤、機動車尾氣以及人群活動的共同影響。(7)沈陽、撫順、鐵嶺三個城市的街道灰塵中DOC的含量均值分別為542.55 mg/kg、223.04 mg/kg、392.06 mg/kg,按含量由高到低的順序依次為沈陽鐵嶺撫順。與NO3-N情況類似,沈陽、撫順、鐵嶺街道灰塵中的DOC多在公園附近路段或者火車站、商業(yè)街等機動車流量較大路段出現(xiàn)高值,可能也是受城市土壤、機動車尾氣以及人群活動的共同影響所致。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urban economy and the continuous expansion of urban scale, people are paying more and more attention to the problem of urban environmental pollution. Urban street dust is a typical urban environmental pollutant, which has been playing a role as a media in urban environmental pollution, and has been associated with urban air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution. Urban street dust is a kind of solid particulate matter attached or deposited on the surface of urban roads or streets. It can be raised under the disturbance of wind and traffic flow, exists in the atmosphere in the form of suspended particles or settled in urban soil, and can also enter rivers, lakes, etc. or seep under the action of rain erosion. Shenyang Economic Zone is a pilot area of comprehensive reform of new industrialization in China. The cities in this area have typical characteristics of old industrial bases. The pollution characteristics of street dust are closely related to the health of urban residents in this area. The basic physical and chemical properties, heavy metal content, spatial distribution characteristics and pollution degree of street dust in Shenyang, Fushun and Tieling are analyzed. The contents and spatial distribution of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon in street dust are also analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The street dust in Shenyang, Fushun and Tieling is alkaline, and the mean values of P H are 8.39, 7.87 and 7.80 respectively. (2) Shenyang, Fushun and Tieling are three cities. The average content of Cu in the street dust of Shenyang, Tieling and Fushun was 88.2 mg/kg, 64.1 mg/kg, 48.9 mg/kg, and the average content of Cd was 1.9 mg/kg, 2.1 mg/kg, respectively. The average contents of g, 1.4 mg/kg, Pb, Zn and Mn were 70.1 mg/kg, 101.1 mg/kg, 82.6 mg/kg, 231.1 mg/kg, 167.9 mg/kg, 150.8 mg/kg, 1225.0 mg/kg, 1000.6 mg/kg, 659.6 mg/kg, respectively. The average contents of Cu, Zn and Mn in the street dust in Shenyang were higher than those in Fushun and Fushun respectively. In Tieling and Fushun, the content of Pb was the highest, followed by Tieling and Shenyang. The content of Cd in the street dust of Shenyang, Fushun and Tieling had little difference, and the order of content from high to low was Tieling in Fushun. (4) The potential ecological hazards of Cu, Pb, Zn and Mn in the street dust of Shenyang, Fushun and Tieling were all slight pollution. The total ecological harm degree of heavy metals Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn in the dust of three urban streets is also very high because of the existence of Cd. Shenyang and Fushun are both extremely strong pollution, Tieling is intensity pollution. The results of geological cumulative risk index of heavy metals in urban street dust show that the geological cumulative risk of Cu, Pb, Zn in Shenyang street dust is moderate pollution, Mn is non-pollution to moderate pollution, and Cd is intensity pollution to extreme pollution. Pollution, Zn, Pb are moderate pollution, Cd is intensity pollution to extreme pollution; the geological cumulative risk degree of Cu, Zn in Tieling city street dust is non-pollution to moderate pollution, Pb is moderate pollution, Mn is non-pollution to moderate pollution, and Cd is intensity pollution. (5) Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn in Shenyang, Fushun, Tieling city street dust are easy to be in Railway station, steam. Higher values of Mn were found in bus and passenger stations, commercial streets and near industrial and mining enterprises, indicating that these heavy metals were affected by road traffic, crowd activities and industrial and mining enterprises. The average contents of NH3-N in the street dust of three cities in Ling were 35.04 mg/kg, 8.45 mg/kg, 26.86 mg/kg, 58.62 mg/kg, 8.89 mg/kg and 25.00 mg/kg, respectively. It can be seen that the contents of NH3-N and NO3-N in the street dust of three cities were the highest in Shenyang, followed by Tieling and Fushun, respectively. Shenyang, Fushun and Tieling Streets were the lowest. The high value of NH3-N in the road dust appears in the vicinity of the park or suburban road section, indicating that the main source of NH3-N may be urban soil, while NO3-N is in the vicinity of the park road or railway station, commercial street and other motor vehicles flow, frequent crowd activity of the road section will appear high value, indicating that it will be subject to urban soil, motor vehicle emissions and crowd. (7) The average DOC content in the street dust of Shenyang, Fushun and Tieling was 542.55 mg/kg, 223.04 mg/kg and 392.06 mg/kg, respectively. The order of DOC content from high to low was Fushun in Tieling, Shenyang. Similar to the situation of NO3-N, the DOC content in the street dust of Shenyang, Fushun and Tieling was mostly in the road or train section near the park. The high value of motor vehicle flow at stations, commercial streets and other sections may also be due to the combined effects of urban soil, motor vehicle exhaust and crowd activities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X513
本文編號：2206392
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urban economy and the continuous expansion of urban scale, people are paying more and more attention to the problem of urban environmental pollution. Urban street dust is a typical urban environmental pollutant, which has been playing a role as a media in urban environmental pollution, and has been associated with urban air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution. Urban street dust is a kind of solid particulate matter attached or deposited on the surface of urban roads or streets. It can be raised under the disturbance of wind and traffic flow, exists in the atmosphere in the form of suspended particles or settled in urban soil, and can also enter rivers, lakes, etc. or seep under the action of rain erosion. Shenyang Economic Zone is a pilot area of comprehensive reform of new industrialization in China. The cities in this area have typical characteristics of old industrial bases. The pollution characteristics of street dust are closely related to the health of urban residents in this area. The basic physical and chemical properties, heavy metal content, spatial distribution characteristics and pollution degree of street dust in Shenyang, Fushun and Tieling are analyzed. The contents and spatial distribution of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon in street dust are also analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The street dust in Shenyang, Fushun and Tieling is alkaline, and the mean values of P H are 8.39, 7.87 and 7.80 respectively. (2) Shenyang, Fushun and Tieling are three cities. The average content of Cu in the street dust of Shenyang, Tieling and Fushun was 88.2 mg/kg, 64.1 mg/kg, 48.9 mg/kg, and the average content of Cd was 1.9 mg/kg, 2.1 mg/kg, respectively. The average contents of g, 1.4 mg/kg, Pb, Zn and Mn were 70.1 mg/kg, 101.1 mg/kg, 82.6 mg/kg, 231.1 mg/kg, 167.9 mg/kg, 150.8 mg/kg, 1225.0 mg/kg, 1000.6 mg/kg, 659.6 mg/kg, respectively. The average contents of Cu, Zn and Mn in the street dust in Shenyang were higher than those in Fushun and Fushun respectively. In Tieling and Fushun, the content of Pb was the highest, followed by Tieling and Shenyang. The content of Cd in the street dust of Shenyang, Fushun and Tieling had little difference, and the order of content from high to low was Tieling in Fushun. (4) The potential ecological hazards of Cu, Pb, Zn and Mn in the street dust of Shenyang, Fushun and Tieling were all slight pollution. The total ecological harm degree of heavy metals Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn in the dust of three urban streets is also very high because of the existence of Cd. Shenyang and Fushun are both extremely strong pollution, Tieling is intensity pollution. The results of geological cumulative risk index of heavy metals in urban street dust show that the geological cumulative risk of Cu, Pb, Zn in Shenyang street dust is moderate pollution, Mn is non-pollution to moderate pollution, and Cd is intensity pollution to extreme pollution. Pollution, Zn, Pb are moderate pollution, Cd is intensity pollution to extreme pollution; the geological cumulative risk degree of Cu, Zn in Tieling city street dust is non-pollution to moderate pollution, Pb is moderate pollution, Mn is non-pollution to moderate pollution, and Cd is intensity pollution. (5) Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn in Shenyang, Fushun, Tieling city street dust are easy to be in Railway station, steam. Higher values of Mn were found in bus and passenger stations, commercial streets and near industrial and mining enterprises, indicating that these heavy metals were affected by road traffic, crowd activities and industrial and mining enterprises. The average contents of NH3-N in the street dust of three cities in Ling were 35.04 mg/kg, 8.45 mg/kg, 26.86 mg/kg, 58.62 mg/kg, 8.89 mg/kg and 25.00 mg/kg, respectively. It can be seen that the contents of NH3-N and NO3-N in the street dust of three cities were the highest in Shenyang, followed by Tieling and Fushun, respectively. Shenyang, Fushun and Tieling Streets were the lowest. The high value of NH3-N in the road dust appears in the vicinity of the park or suburban road section, indicating that the main source of NH3-N may be urban soil, while NO3-N is in the vicinity of the park road or railway station, commercial street and other motor vehicles flow, frequent crowd activity of the road section will appear high value, indicating that it will be subject to urban soil, motor vehicle emissions and crowd. (7) The average DOC content in the street dust of Shenyang, Fushun and Tieling was 542.55 mg/kg, 223.04 mg/kg and 392.06 mg/kg, respectively. The order of DOC content from high to low was Fushun in Tieling, Shenyang. Similar to the situation of NO3-N, the DOC content in the street dust of Shenyang, Fushun and Tieling was mostly in the road or train section near the park. The high value of motor vehicle flow at stations, commercial streets and other sections may also be due to the combined effects of urban soil, motor vehicle exhaust and crowd activities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X513
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