【摘要】：隨著飲食行業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,大量的餐廚垃圾得不到妥善處理,已經嚴重影響到城市環(huán)境、人們的正常生活和身體健康。焚燒法是一種高效的餐廚垃圾資源化處理技術,其具有減量化、無害化和能源化等優(yōu)點而備受重視。餐廚垃圾經篩選、破碎和蒸煮處理,分離出油脂,用于制作生物柴油,剩下的固體廢渣經干燥后用作燃料,其簡稱為脫脂餐廚垃圾。因此,開展脫脂餐廚垃圾焚燒爐的設計與研究,實現(xiàn)清潔、高效利用脫脂餐廚垃圾具有重大的現(xiàn)實意義。本文研究主要包括以下三個方面:(1)對某餐廚垃圾處理中心的脫脂餐廚垃圾的基本特性進行研究。利用元素分析儀、工業(yè)分析儀、量熱儀及熱重分析儀研究了脫脂餐廚垃圾的基本特性,發(fā)現(xiàn)該脫脂餐廚垃圾是一種揮發(fā)分含量高,固定碳含量少,而熱值不高的燃料。該燃料著火和燃盡特性比較好,而綜合燃燒特性不是很高,升溫速率有助于提高綜合燃燒特性。(2)對脫脂餐廚垃圾灰渣熔融特性進行研究。采用灰熔融測試儀、SEM/EDX分析儀和XRD衍射分析儀對不同煅燒溫度下灰的熔融性、形貌特征和灰中Na、Cl、K等元素的化合物存在形式進行研究,研究結果表明:不同灰化溫度下,高灰化溫度的灰較低灰化溫度的灰變形溫度高,軟化溫度、半球溫度和流動溫度變化不大;隨著成灰溫度的提高,灰的形貌由絮狀逐漸變?yōu)轭w粒狀;在溫度低于900℃時,脫脂餐廚垃圾灰渣中的Cl、K、Na元素主要是以KCl、NaCl形式存在;當溫度高于900℃時,脫脂餐廚垃圾灰渣中大部分Cl、K、Na元素是以氣態(tài)化合物的形式析出的。(3)脫脂餐廚垃圾焚燒爐燃燒污染物排放特性研究。根據(jù)脫脂餐廚垃圾的燃料特性、熔融特性及鍋爐設計手冊進行了焚燒爐的設計和搭建。在熱態(tài)焚燒爐實驗臺上研究不同床料高度、床溫、顆粒粒徑及二次風率對焚燒爐燃燒污染物排放的影響。研究結果表明:較高的床溫有利于NOx排放,但過高的床溫會提高SO2生成,綜合考慮合理的床溫為850℃左右;NOx的排放受床料高度的影響較小可忽略不計,而SO2的排放受床料高度影響較大,綜合考慮適宜的床料高度為300mm;顆粒粒徑對NOx和SO2的排放影響比較大,綜合考慮顆粒粒徑應控制在2~3mm;綜合NOx和SO2的排放規(guī)律來看,脫脂餐廚垃圾焚燒爐的二次風率應保持在20%左右。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the catering industry, a large number of kitchen waste can not be properly treated, which has seriously affected the urban environment, people's normal life and health. Incineration is an efficient technology for the treatment of kitchen waste, which has the advantages of reduction, innocuity and energy. The cooking waste is screened, crushed and cooked, and the grease is separated and used to make biodiesel. The remaining solid waste is used as fuel after drying, which is referred to as defatted kitchen waste. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to design and study the incinerator of defatted kitchen waste, to realize cleanliness and efficient utilization of defatted kitchen waste. This paper mainly includes the following three aspects: (1) the basic characteristics of defatted kitchen garbage in a kitchen garbage treatment center were studied. The basic characteristics of defatted kitchen waste were studied by means of elemental analyzer, industrial analyzer, calorimeter and thermogravimetric analyzer. It was found that the defatted kitchen waste was a fuel with high volatile content, low fixed carbon content and low calorific value. The ignition and burnout characteristics of the fuel are good, but the comprehensive combustion characteristics are not very high, and the heating rate is helpful to improve the comprehensive combustion characteristics. (2) the melting characteristics of the ash and slag from defatted kitchen waste are studied. The melting properties, morphologies and compounds of Na,Cl,K in ash at different calcination temperatures were studied by means of sem / edX and XRD diffractometer. The deformation temperature of ash at high ashing temperature is higher than that of ash at low ashing temperature, and the temperature of softening, the temperature of hemispheres and the flow temperature change little. With the increase of the temperature of ash formation, the morphology of ash gradually changes from flocculent to granular, and when the temperature is lower than 900 鈩，

本文編號：2202309