【摘要】：服務(wù)區(qū)是高速公路的重要服務(wù)設(shè)施,近年來(lái),高速公路服務(wù)區(qū)建設(shè)數(shù)量不斷上升,但服務(wù)區(qū)遠(yuǎn)離市區(qū),服務(wù)區(qū)產(chǎn)生的污水無(wú)法接入市政排水管網(wǎng),需建設(shè)獨(dú)立的排水系統(tǒng)和污水處理設(shè)施。服務(wù)區(qū)污水具有水質(zhì)水量變化大、氨氮總磷濃度高等的特點(diǎn),根據(jù)服務(wù)區(qū)污染現(xiàn)狀及各類污水處理工藝的特點(diǎn)。采用“進(jìn)水-淹沒(méi)反應(yīng)-出水-閑置’周期運(yùn)行的新型潮汐流人工濕地作為處理工藝,其潮汐式的運(yùn)行方式可以較大程度提高濕地復(fù)氧能力和復(fù)氧量,有利于提高微生物對(duì)有機(jī)物的好氧降解。本文設(shè)計(jì)蘆葦和菖蒲床潮汐流人工濕地,通過(guò)處理效果的對(duì)比研究,確定潮汐流人工濕地最優(yōu)運(yùn)行方式；通過(guò)不同有機(jī)負(fù)荷和氮磷負(fù)荷的對(duì)比研究,確定研究潮汐流人工濕地的污水凈化能力；通過(guò)添加重金屬Zn,研究潮汐流人工濕地對(duì)重金屬的去除能力。通過(guò)試驗(yàn)研究,可得出以下結(jié)論：(1)潮汐流人工濕地的淹沒(méi)反應(yīng)時(shí)間和空床閑置時(shí)間不同,濕地進(jìn)出水的pH, DO以及蘆葦和菖蒲床濕地對(duì)總磷、氨氮、總氮、CODcr、SS的去除效果不同,淹沒(méi)反應(yīng)時(shí)間為6-24h,空床閑置時(shí)間為6h、24h時(shí)可取得最佳處理效果,考慮濕地運(yùn)行的工程應(yīng)用實(shí)際情況和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,確定淹沒(méi)反應(yīng)時(shí)間6h、空床閑置時(shí)間6h為最佳水力運(yùn)行條件。(2)進(jìn)水氨氮、總磷含量過(guò)低或過(guò)高都不利于濕地對(duì)污染物的去除,在總磷進(jìn)水濃度波動(dòng)范圍為0.96 mg·L-1-5.71 mg·L-1時(shí),蘆葦床濕地、菖蒲床濕地對(duì)總磷的平均去除率為56.60%和51.67%：在氨氮進(jìn)水濃度波動(dòng)范圍為11.00mg·L-1-65.45 mg·L-1時(shí),蘆葦床濕地、菖蒲床濕地對(duì)總磷的平均去除率為46.03%和48.44%,蘆葦床濕地對(duì)總磷的去除效果較好，，菖蒲床濕地對(duì)氨氮的去除效果較好,進(jìn)水水質(zhì)波動(dòng)對(duì)CODcr的去除效果有一定的影響,但兩濕地系統(tǒng)的CODcr去除基本在80%以上。(3)蘆葦和菖蒲床濕地系統(tǒng)對(duì)徑流污水中SS、總磷的去除率可達(dá)90%、50%左右；對(duì)氨氮的去除率維持在40%-50%左右；兩濕地系統(tǒng)對(duì)CODCr的去除率基本維持在80%-90%范圍內(nèi),硝態(tài)氮、亞硝態(tài)氮在濕地系統(tǒng)中略有積累。進(jìn)水總Zn平均濃度為1.098 mg·L-1時(shí),蘆葦床濕地對(duì)溶解態(tài)Zn、總Zn的平均去除率為52.74%和62.65%,菖蒲床濕地對(duì)溶解態(tài)Zn、總Zn的平均去除率為47.60%和59.15%,濕地對(duì)總Zn的去除效果比對(duì)溶解態(tài)Zn的去除效果好；蘆葦床濕地對(duì)徑流污水中各類污染物和Zn的去除能力比菖蒲床濕地更高。(4)充分利用蘆葦和菖蒲濕地的各自優(yōu)勢(shì),采用兩級(jí)串聯(lián)潮汐流人工濕地,對(duì)各類污染物的去除率均顯著(P0.01)高于蘆葦床或菖蒲床濕地單獨(dú)處理,氨氮出水濃度基本達(dá)到城市污水再生利用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB/T18920-2002), CODcr濃度達(dá)到生活雜用水水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(CJ/T48-1999)。濕地串聯(lián)系統(tǒng)的各級(jí)出水污染物濃度呈階梯狀遞減,且二級(jí)處理的濕地床對(duì)各污染物的去除能力比一級(jí)處理低。蘆葦床-菖蒲床串聯(lián)運(yùn)行對(duì)總磷、氨氮和總氮的去除效果優(yōu)于菖蒲床-蘆葦床串聯(lián)。(5)蘆葦根際脲酶活性高于菖蒲,這也是蘆葦床濕地對(duì)徑流污水中氮去除能力比菖蒲床濕地更強(qiáng)的原因之一。重金屬Zn對(duì)蘆葦根際脲酶活性有一定的抑制作用,對(duì)菖蒲根際脲酶活性影響不大。磷酸酶活性受重金屬Zn影響較大,Zn對(duì)蘆葦根際磷酸酶有一定的刺激作用,對(duì)菖蒲根際磷酸酶具有一定的抑制作用。
[Abstract]:Service area is an important service facility of expressway. In recent years, the number of expressway service area has been increasing. However, the service area is far away from the urban area, and the sewage produced by service area can not be connected to the municipal drainage network. Independent drainage system and sewage treatment facilities need to be built. According to the pollution situation in the service area and the characteristics of various sewage treatment processes, a new tidal flow constructed wetland with periodic operation of inflow-submergence reaction-effluent-idle is adopted as the treatment process. Its tidal operation mode can greatly improve the wetland reoxygenation capacity and the amount of reoxygenation, which is conducive to improving the microorganism to organic matter. In this paper, a tidal flow constructed wetland with reed and calamus bed was designed to determine the optimal operation mode of tidal flow constructed wetland through the comparative study of treatment effect; the sewage purification capacity of tidal flow constructed wetland was determined by the comparative study of different organic load and nitrogen and phosphorus load; and the tidal current was studied by adding heavy metal Zn. The removal capacity of heavy metals in tidal flow constructed wetlands can be concluded as follows: (1) The submergence reaction time and idle bed time of tidal flow constructed wetlands are different, and the removal efficiency of total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, CODcr and SS by reed and calamus bed wetlands are different. The submergence reaction time is 6-24 hours. The best treatment effect can be obtained when the idle time of the empty bed is 6h and the idle time of the empty bed is 6h and 24h. Considering the actual engineering application and economic benefit of the wetland operation, the optimal hydraulic operation conditions are determined as the submerged reaction time is 6h and the idle time of the empty bed is 6h. (2) The influent ammonia nitrogen, the low or high content of total phosphorus are not conducive to the removal of pollutants in the wetland, and the concentration of total phosphorus The average removal rates of total phosphorus were 56.60% and 51.67% in reed bed wetland and calamus bed wetland when the fluctuation range was 0.96 mg 65507 The removal efficiency of CODcr in the two wetland systems was more than 80%. (3) The removal efficiency of SS in runoff effluent by reed and calamus bed wetland systems was up to 90% and 50% respectively, and the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen was maintained at 40% - 5%. The average removal rates of dissolved Zn and total Zn were 52.74% and 62.65% in reed bed wetland and 52.74% and 62.65% in calamus bed wetland, respectively. The removal efficiency of total Zn by wetland was better than that by dissolved Zn (47.60% and 59.15%). The removal capacity of pollutants and Zn by reed bed wetland was higher than that of calamus bed wetland. (4) The two-stage tidal flow constructed wetland was used to remove all kinds of pollutants by making full use of the respective advantages of reed and calamus bed wetland. The effluent concentration of ammonia nitrogen reached the standard of municipal wastewater reuse (GB/T18920-2002) and the CODcr concentration reached the standard of domestic and miscellaneous water quality (CJ/T48-1999). The pollutant concentration of effluent from the series system of wetlands decreased step by step, and the secondary treatment of wetland bed pairs was also carried out. Reed bed-gladiolus bed is better than Gladiolus bed in removal of total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen. (5) Urease activity in rhizosphere of reed bed is higher than that of Gladiolus bed, which is one of the reasons why reed bed wetland has stronger nitrogen removal ability in runoff sewage than Gladiolus bed wetland. The activity of urease in rhizosphere of Reed was inhibited, but not in rhizosphere of calamus. The activity of phosphatase in rhizosphere of Reed was greatly influenced by Zn. Zn stimulated phosphatase in rhizosphere of reed and inhibited phosphatase in rhizosphere of calamus.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X734

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