【摘要】：隨著海上石油運輸業(yè)的高速發(fā)展,海洋溢油導(dǎo)致的海洋環(huán)境污染問題越發(fā)嚴(yán)重。人們發(fā)現(xiàn)在處理海洋溢油污染過程中,自然環(huán)境中的礦物質(zhì)顆粒起到與化學(xué)分散劑類似的作用,不僅促進(jìn)了油在水體中的分散,還有效降低了油滴的粒徑。由于油滴表面包裹了懸浮顆粒物,使其表面性質(zhì)發(fā)生變化,形成的石油-懸浮顆粒凝聚體有利于微生物對油類污染物的自然降解。本論文通過室內(nèi)模擬實驗研究施加消油劑對石油懸浮顆粒物凝聚體形成的影響。實驗以往復(fù)式振蕩器模擬海洋水動力作用,選用了勝利原油、勝采二礦原油和坨四原油三種原油作為污染原油樣品,選取萊州灣淤泥質(zhì)顆粒物為懸浮顆粒物材料,選用抽濾過的萊州灣海水作為反應(yīng)介質(zhì)。實驗中分別對懸浮顆粒物粒徑、油品性質(zhì)、懸浮顆粒物種類以及海水鹽度等影響因素進(jìn)行了探索和分析;考察了消油劑對油品密度、粘度以及乳化率的影響規(guī)律,不同沉積物種類、沉積物質(zhì)量以及不同混合能量(轉(zhuǎn)速)對不同原油去除率的影響規(guī)律,以及消油劑對石油-懸浮顆粒凝聚體形成的影響規(guī)律。研究結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)施加消油劑量達(dá)到劑油比(質(zhì)量比)為2:10時,原油的乳化率達(dá)到最大;隨著消油劑用量的增加,油品粘度整體呈遞減趨勢,而施加不同用量的消油劑對油品密度的影響則相對較小;沉積物粒徑越小,生成的石油-懸浮顆粒物凝聚體量越多,對原油的捕獲率越大,粒徑小于0.038 mm的顆粒物對原油捕獲率最大;施加消油劑對石油懸浮顆粒凝聚體的形成具有明顯影響,隨著轉(zhuǎn)速增加,石油-懸浮顆粒凝聚體的形成質(zhì)量增加,但轉(zhuǎn)速增加到到一定值后,石油-懸浮顆粒凝聚體的增量變緩;隨著顆粒物質(zhì)量的增多,石油-懸浮顆粒凝聚體形成量增加;當(dāng)顆粒物濃度增加時,隨著富肯消油劑用量的增多,勝利原油與顆粒物形成的凝聚體對原油的捕獲率由37%提高到82%;勝采二礦原油與顆粒物形成的凝聚體對原油的捕獲率由40%提高到87%;坨四原油與顆粒物形成的凝聚體對原油的捕獲率由39%提高到79%。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of offshore oil transportation, marine environmental pollution caused by marine oil spills is becoming more and more serious. It is found that the mineral particles in the natural environment play a similar role to chemical dispersants in the treatment of marine oil spill pollution, which not only promote the dispersion of oil in water, but also effectively reduce the diameter of oil droplets. Because the oil droplets are coated with suspended particles, the surface properties of the particles are changed, and the petroleum-suspended particles condensate is favorable to the natural degradation of oil pollutants by microorganisms. In this paper, the effects of oil suppressants on the formation of petroleum suspended particulates condensate were studied by laboratory simulation experiments. Three kinds of crude oil, Shengli crude oil, Shengguo No. 2 crude oil and Tuo4 crude oil, were selected as samples of polluted crude oil, and sludge particles in Laizhou Bay were selected as suspended particulate materials. The leached seawater in Laizhou Bay was used as the reaction medium. In the experiment, the influence factors such as particle size, oil quality, suspended particle type and salinity of seawater were investigated, and the influence of oil suppressant on oil density, viscosity and emulsification rate was investigated. The effects of different sediment types, sediment quality and different mixing energy (rotational speed) on the removal rate of crude oil and the influence of oil suppressants on the formation of petroleum-suspended particle aggregates are discussed. The results show that when the amount of oil suppressant reaches 2:10, the emulsification rate of crude oil reaches the maximum, and the viscosity of oil product decreases with the increase of the amount of oil suppressant. The smaller the grain size of sediment, the more the condensate amount of petroleum-suspended particulates, the larger the capture rate of crude oil, the smaller the oil density is, the smaller the grain size of sediment is, the more the condensate amount of petroleum suspended particles is. The particles with diameter less than 0.038 mm have the largest crude oil trapping efficiency, the application of oil suppressant has obvious influence on the formation of petroleum suspended particle condensate, and with the increase of rotational speed, the formation quality of petroleum suspended particle condensate increases. However, when the rotational speed reaches a certain value, the increment of petroleum-suspended particle condensate becomes slower; with the increase of particle quality, the formation amount of petroleum-suspended particle condensate increases; when the particle concentration increases, With the increase in the amount of Fuken oil suppressant, The capture rate of condensate formed by Shengli crude oil and particulates increased from 37% to 822%; that of condensate formed by crude oil and particulates in Shengguo No.2 mine increased from 40% to 87%; and that of tuo4 crude oil and particulates increased from 40% to 87%; the condensate formed by Tuo 4 crude oil and particulates increased from 40% to 87%. The capture rate of crude oil increased from 39% to 79%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X55

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本文編號：2198517