【摘要】：湖南省作為世界“有色金屬之鄉(xiāng)”,多年的開(kāi)采使得土壤受到嚴(yán)重的重金屬污染,尋于一種有效的重金屬污染去除方法具有極強(qiáng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本研究擬選取湖南省郴州和衡陽(yáng)市的污染土壤作為研究對(duì)象,依據(jù)萃取效率較高、環(huán)境友好和易于分離的原則選擇6種螯合劑對(duì)土壤污染物進(jìn)行萃取試驗(yàn),以期選取合適的萃取劑,為進(jìn)一步去除土壤重金屬、砷及氟提供合理的方法。在選取的兩種土樣中,重金屬形態(tài)以有機(jī)物及硫化物結(jié)合態(tài)為主。弱堿性土樣S中,Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd的主要形態(tài)是有機(jī)物及硫化物結(jié)合態(tài),分別占其總量的64.91%、38.52%、56.35%和23.18%。酸性土樣W中,Zn和Cu的主要形態(tài)是有機(jī)物及硫化物結(jié)合態(tài),分別占其總量的37.45%和46.55%,Cd的主要形態(tài)是可交換及碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài),占其總量的45.25%,Pb的形態(tài)分布比較均勻。兩種土樣中As均以殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)為主。通過(guò)選取6種螯合劑的萃取試驗(yàn)表明,各螯合劑對(duì)土壤中的各重金屬污染及砷、氟離子都有一定的萃取效果。檸檬酸對(duì)Pb和Zn具有較強(qiáng)的萃取能力,半胱氨酸對(duì)As和F有較強(qiáng)的萃取效果,而EDTA盡管對(duì)Zn萃取效果較差外,對(duì)Pb、Cu、Cd和As或F均表現(xiàn)了極強(qiáng)的萃取能力。從綜合結(jié)果來(lái)看,EDTA無(wú)論對(duì)于弱堿性土壤還是酸性土壤,在以上6中螯合劑中是最好的的萃取劑。對(duì)于酸性土壤,EDTA不僅表現(xiàn)了極強(qiáng)的萃取能力,而且其萃取液也較易分離,因此對(duì)于酸性土壤EDTA可以為較理想的萃取液；但對(duì)于弱堿性土壤,盡管EDTA和檸檬酸有較強(qiáng)的萃取能力,但其萃取液的連續(xù)分離性較差,而半胱氨酸不僅有較強(qiáng)的萃取能力,而且其萃取液易于分離,因此可能是較好的選擇。
[Abstract]:Hunan Province, as the "hometown of non-ferrous metals" in the world, has been polluted by heavy metals for many years, so it is of great practical significance to find an effective method to remove heavy metal pollution. Based on the principles of high extraction efficiency, environmental friendliness and easy separation, six chelating agents were selected to extract soil pollutants in Chenzhou and Hengyang, Hunan Province. In order to select the appropriate extractant, to further remove heavy metals, arsenic and fluorine in the soil to provide a reasonable method. In the two soil samples, organic compounds and sulfides are the main forms of heavy metals. The main forms of Pb ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) Zn ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) in weak alkaline soil S are organic compounds and sulfides, which account for 64.91% ~ 38.52% and 23.18% respectively. The main forms of Zn and Cu in acidic soil samples are organic compounds and sulfides, which account for 37.45% and 46.55% of the total amount of CD, respectively. The main forms of CD are exchangeable and carbonate bound, and the speciation distribution of 45.25% Pb is relatively uniform. The residual state of as in the two kinds of soil samples is dominant. The extraction experiments with six chelating agents showed that each chelating agent had a certain effect on the extraction of heavy metals and arsenic and fluorine ions in soil. Citric acid can extract Pb and Zn, cysteine can extract as and F, while EDTA can extract Pb, Cu, CD, as and F, even though it has a poor effect on Zn. The results show that EDTA is the best extractant in the chelating agent of the 6 above mentioned in both weak alkaline soil and acidic soil. For acidic soil, EDTA not only shows very strong extraction ability, but also its extract is easy to separate, so it is ideal for acid soil EDTA, but for weak alkaline soil, although EDTA and citric acid have strong extraction ability, However, the continuous separation of its extracts is poor, and cysteine not only has strong extraction ability, but also is easy to separate, so it may be a better choice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X53

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