【摘要】：煤矸石是洗煤和采煤過程產(chǎn)生的固體廢物，是我國堆放累積量最大的工業(yè)廢渣，其主要成分是SiO2和Al2O3，因其礦物特性和化學(xué)特性使它經(jīng)過合適的工藝能夠提高活性，適合作為污水處理藥劑的原料。 本文以煤矸石、石灰石和氯化鋁為原料，探究了制備吸附劑的最佳工藝條件，并對吸附劑進行結(jié)構(gòu)性能表征，確定了吸附劑處理鉻、鉛、鋅廢水的最佳條件，并探討了吸附機理。 制備吸附劑的最佳條件為：當(dāng)煤矸石粒徑為200目，以2：3的比例與石灰石混合，加入質(zhì)量百分含量10%的氯化鋁，混合在馬弗爐內(nèi)從室溫緩慢升溫至800oC，保溫90min，取出自然冷卻，得到呈堿性的復(fù)合型吸附劑。 復(fù)合型吸附劑的SEM圖譜表明其表面凹凸不平，孔徑數(shù)量多，孔徑直徑大，這有利于吸附過程的進行。由XRD圖譜可見三種物質(zhì)反應(yīng)生成具有活性的不穩(wěn)定的物質(zhì)：Mg2Al4Si5O18（堇青石）、Al2Si2O5(OH)4（高嶺石）、C2CaO4（草酸鈣）、CaSiO3（硅酸鈣）等。經(jīng)Boehm檢測其中Al—O基團、Ca含量增大，其零點電荷高，吸附重金屬離子效果好。 復(fù)合吸附劑吸附鉻模擬廢水去除率為94.79%，低濃度符合Langmuir擬合，高濃度符合Freundlich擬合，主要以單分子層物理吸附為主。復(fù)合吸附劑吸附鉛模擬廢水去除率為96.68%，低濃度和高濃度均符合Freundlich擬合，主要以單分子層物理吸附為主。復(fù)合吸附劑吸附鋅模擬廢水去除率為96.28%，低濃度符合Freundlich擬合，高濃度符合Langmuir擬合，主要以化學(xué)吸附為主，同時存在單分子層物理吸附。準(zhǔn)二級動力學(xué)方程能更好的描述三種重金屬離子整個吸附過程。 利用煤矸石制備吸附劑不僅節(jié)約了資源，降低成本的同時也緩解了固體廢棄物對于環(huán)境的污染程度，，達到以廢治廢的目的。
[Abstract]:Coal gangue is the solid waste produced in coal washing and coal mining process, and it is the largest accumulated industrial waste residue in China. Its main composition is SiO2 and Al _ 2O _ 3. Because of its mineral and chemical characteristics, coal gangue can improve its activity through proper process. Suitable as raw material for wastewater treatment agent. In this paper, using coal gangue, limestone and aluminum chloride as raw materials, the optimum conditions of preparation of adsorbent were studied, and the structure and properties of adsorbent were characterized, and the optimum conditions for treating chromium, lead and zinc wastewater by adsorbent were determined. The adsorption mechanism was also discussed. The optimum conditions for the preparation of adsorbents are as follows: when the coal gangue particle size is 200 meshes, when the coal gangue is mixed with limestone at 2:3 ratio, and 10% aluminum chloride is added, the mixture slowly heats up from room temperature to 800oC in a muffle furnace for 90 minutes, and the natural cooling is taken out. The composite adsorbent was obtained. The SEM spectra of the composite adsorbent show that the surface is uneven, the pore size is large and the pore diameter is large, which is beneficial to the adsorption process. It can be seen from the XRD spectra that three kinds of substances have been reacted to form the active unstable substance: Mg2Al4Si5O18 (cordierite), Al2Si2O5 (OH) 4 (kaolinite), C2CaO4 (calcium oxalate), CaSiO3 (calcium silicate) and so on. The content of Ca in Al-O group was increased by Boehm, and its zero charge was high, and the adsorption effect of heavy metal ions was good. The removal rate of simulated wastewater adsorbed by composite adsorbent is 94.79. The low concentration accords with Langmuir fitting and the high concentration accords with Freundlich fitting. The main adsorption is single molecular layer physical adsorption. The removal rate of simulated waste water adsorbed by complex adsorbent was 96.68. The low concentration and high concentration accorded with Freundlich fit, and the main adsorption was single molecular layer physical adsorption. The removal rate of simulated wastewater adsorbed by complex adsorbent is 96.28, the low concentration accords with Freundlich fitting, the high concentration accords with Langmuir fitting, and the chemical adsorption is the main one, and the physical adsorption of single molecular layer exists at the same time. The quasi-second-order kinetic equation can better describe the whole adsorption process of the three heavy metal ions. The preparation of adsorbents from coal gangue not only saves resources and reduces the cost, but also alleviates the environmental pollution caused by solid waste, and achieves the purpose of waste treatment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X752;X703

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