【摘要】：紅樹林是生長在熱帶、亞熱帶海岸潮間帶,以紅樹植物為主體的常綠灌木或常綠喬木組成的潮灘濕地木本生物群落,其生存環(huán)境受周期性潮水浸淹。隨著沿海工業(yè)的發(fā)展,近岸柴油污染愈發(fā)嚴(yán)重。紅樹植物對柴油污染修復(fù)的研究已經(jīng)成為國內(nèi)外的關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。本研究以紅樹植物秋茄(Kandelia candle)和桐花(Aegiceras corniculatum)為例,通過四個室內(nèi)盆栽實(shí)驗(yàn)分別來探究氮、磷、基質(zhì)與兩種紅樹植物柴油污染耐性、柴油污染修復(fù)效果之間的關(guān)系以及比較秋茄和桐花對柴油污染的耐受性和修復(fù)效果。實(shí)驗(yàn)一,采用溫室沙培4個月,研究了在不同氮營養(yǎng)水平條件下紅樹植物秋茄(K.candle)和桐花(A.corniculatum)對柴油污染的修復(fù)作用,并探討了氮營養(yǎng)對秋茄和桐花在柴油污染暴露情況下的生長影響,以及對柴油污染去除效果的影響。結(jié)果表明,增加氮營養(yǎng)水平可以促進(jìn)紅樹植物莖的增高、以及根、莖、葉三部分的生物量的積累,提高對柴油污染的耐受性。在各種污染水平下,柴油中總石油烴的去除率在秋茄和桐花的根際區(qū)則高達(dá)90%以上。相同污染水平下,增加氮營養(yǎng)水平,可有效促進(jìn)秋茄和桐花根際對柴油的生物去除效率。本研究將為用于修復(fù)柴油污染的紅樹林人工濕地的構(gòu)建提供氮營養(yǎng)條件選擇方面的科學(xué)依據(jù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)二,采用溫室沙培4個月,研究了在不同磷營養(yǎng)水平條件下紅樹植物秋茄(K.candle)和桐花(A.corniculatum)對柴油污染的修復(fù)作用,并探討了磷營養(yǎng)對秋茄和桐花在柴油污染暴露情況下的生長影響,以及對柴油污染去除效果的影響。結(jié)果表明,增加磷營養(yǎng)水平不能夠促進(jìn)紅樹植物莖的增高、以及根、莖、兩部分的生物量的積累,不能提高對柴油污染的耐受性。在各種污染水平下,柴油中總石油烴的去除率在秋茄和桐花的根際區(qū)則高達(dá)91%以上。相同污染水平下,增加磷營養(yǎng)水平,可有效促進(jìn)秋茄和桐花根際對柴油的生物去除效率。本研究將為用于修復(fù)柴油污染的紅樹林人工濕地的構(gòu)建提供磷營養(yǎng)條件選擇方面的科學(xué)依據(jù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)三,采用溫室培養(yǎng)3個月,研究了在不同基質(zhì)條件下紅樹植物秋茄(K.candle)和桐花(A.corniculatum)對柴油污染的修復(fù)作用,并探討了基質(zhì)對秋茄和桐花在柴油污染暴露情況下的生長影響,以及對柴油污染去除效果的影響。結(jié)果表明,基質(zhì)中的淤泥能夠促進(jìn)紅樹植物莖的增高、以及根、莖、葉三部分的生物量的積累,提高對柴油污染的耐受性。秋茄和桐花的生長指標(biāo)和生物量分別在全淤泥和75%淤泥基質(zhì)條件下達(dá)到最大值。相同污染水平下,秋茄和桐花分別在基質(zhì)淤泥含量為75%和50%的條件下對柴油的生物去除率達(dá)到最大。本研究將為用于修復(fù)柴油污染的紅樹林人工濕地的構(gòu)建提供基質(zhì)選擇方面的科學(xué)依據(jù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)四,采用溫室沙培4個月,比較了在不同柴油污染處理?xiàng)l件下紅樹植物秋茄(K.candle)和桐花(A.corniculatum)的生長狀況,并探究了對柴油污染的修復(fù)作用結(jié)果表明,柴油污染對紅樹植物秋茄和桐花的生長具抑制作用,柴油濃度越高抑制越明顯。紅樹植物桐花對柴油污染的耐受性更好。在各種污染水平下,柴油中總石油烴在非根際區(qū)去除率為76%-79%,在秋茄和桐花的根際區(qū)則高達(dá)92%以上。相同污染水平下,秋茄根際柴油的生物去除率大于桐花。本研究將為用于修復(fù)柴油污染的紅樹林人工濕地的構(gòu)建提供物種選擇方面的科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Mangrove is a woody community in tidal flat wetland, which grows in the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical coasts and consists of evergreen shrubs or evergreen trees. Its living environment is flooded by periodic tidal water. With the development of coastal industry, offshore diesel oil pollution is becoming more and more serious. In this study, Kandelia candle and Aegiceras corniculatum were used as examples to study the relationship between nitrogen, phosphorus, substrate and diesel oil pollution tolerance, diesel oil pollution remediation effect and the comparison of diesel oil pollution between Kandelia candle and Aegiceras corniculatum. Experiments 1. Using sand culture in greenhouse for 4 months, the remediation effects of mangrove plants K. candle and A. corniculatum on diesel oil pollution under different nitrogen nutrition levels were studied, and the effects of nitrogen nutrition on the growth of autumn eggplant and Tung flower and the removal of diesel oil pollution were discussed. The results showed that the increase of nitrogen nutrition level could promote the increase of mangrove stem, the accumulation of biomass in root, stem and leaf, and improve the tolerance to diesel oil pollution. This study will provide a scientific basis for the selection of nitrogen nutrition conditions for the construction of mangrove constructed wetlands for remediation of diesel oil pollution. Experiment 2, mangroves were cultivated in greenhouse for 4 months under different phosphorus nutrition conditions. The remediation effects of K. candle and A. corniculatum on diesel oil pollution were studied. The effects of phosphorus nutrition on the growth of K. candle and A. corniculatum under diesel oil pollution exposure and the removal effect of diesel oil pollution were also discussed. The removal rate of total petroleum hydrocarbons in diesel oil was above 91% in the rhizosphere of autumn eggplant and Tung Blossom under various pollution levels. Increasing phosphorus nutrition level could effectively promote the bio-removal efficiency of diesel oil in the rhizosphere of autumn eggplant and Tung Blossom under the same pollution level. In order to provide scientific basis for phosphorus nutrient condition selection in the construction of Mangrove Constructed Wetland for remediation of diesel oil pollution, Experiment 3 was conducted in greenhouse for 3 months to study the remediation effects of mangrove plants K. candle and A. corniculatum on diesel oil pollution under different substrate conditions, and the effects of substrate on autumn eggplant and Tung flower were also discussed. The results showed that the sludge in the substrate could promote the growth of mangrove stem and the accumulation of biomass of root, stem and leaf, and improve the tolerance to diesel oil pollution. Under the same pollution level, the bio-removal rate of diesel oil by autumn eggplant and Tonghua was the highest under the condition of 75% and 50% of the substrate silt respectively. This study will provide scientific basis for the construction of Mangrove Constructed Wetland for remediation of diesel oil pollution. The growth of mangrove plants K. candle and A. corniculatum were compared under different diesel pollution treatments in sand culture for 4 months in greenhouse. The results showed that diesel oil pollution could inhibit the growth of mangrove plants K. candle and A. corniculatum, and the higher the diesel concentration, the more obvious the inhibition. The removal rate of total petroleum hydrocarbons in diesel oil was 76% - 79% in the non-rhizosphere and 92% in the rhizosphere of autumn eggplant and Tung flower under various pollution levels. The construction of industrial wetlands provides a scientific basis for species selection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X173

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本文編號：2192116